Who Is Vouching for the Input Voucher? Decentralized Targeting and Elite Capture in Tanzania
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Input subsidy programs carry support as
instruments to increase agricultural productivity, provided
they are market-smart. This requires especially proper
targeting to contain the fiscal pressure, with decentralized
targeting of input vouchers currently the instrument of
choice. Nonetheless, despite clear advantages in
administrative costs, the fear of elite capture persists.
These fears are borne out in the experience from the 2008
input voucher pilot program in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania,
examined here. Elected village officials received about 60
percent of the distributed vouchers, a factor that
significantly reduced the targeting performance of the
program, especially in more unequal and remote communities.
When targeting the poor, greater coverage and a focus on
high trust settings helped mitigate these concerns. The
findings highlight the continuing need for scrutiny when
relying on decentralized targeting. A clearer sense of
purpose (increasing productivity among poorer farmers versus
increasing aggregate output) could also enhance the
targeting performance.
Palabras clave
ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, AGGREGATE SUPPLY, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL SEASON, AGRICULTURE, ANTI-POVERTY, ANTI-POVERTY INTERVENTIONS, COFFEE GROWING REGION, COMMUNITY COMMITTEES, CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA, CROP INCOME, CROP PRODUCTION, CROWDING OUT, DECENTRALIZATION, DESCRIPTION, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISTRICTS, ECOLOGICAL ZONES, ECONOMIC CRITERIA, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC THEORY, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, ELASTICITY, EXTENSION AGENTS, FARM ACTIVITIES, FARMER, FARMERS, FARMING SEASON, FEMALE, FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, FEMALE PARTICIPATION, FOOD POLICY, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD-FOR-EDUCATION, GENDER, HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHICS, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD HEAD AGE, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITY, HOUSEHOLDS, HOUSES, ILLITERACY, INCOME, INCOME GROWTH, INDICATORS FOR POVERTY, INEQUALITY, INSURANCE, INSURANCE MARKETS, IRRIGATION, LABOR MARKETS, LAND INEQUALITY, LAND QUALITY, LAND SIZE, MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY, MARKET FAILURES, MARKET PLACE, MULTIPLIER EFFECTS, NATURAL RESOURCES, NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, OCCUPATION, OPPORTUNITY COST, OPTIMAL TARGETING, POOR, POOR FARMERS, POOR HOUSEHOLD, POOR SMALLHOLDERS, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY PROGRAMS, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY STATUS, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS, REGIONAL MEDIAN, REGRESSION ANALYSIS, REMOTE COMMUNITIES, REMOTE VILLAGES, RURAL, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, RURAL TOWNS, SAFETY, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NET PROGRAMS, SAFETY NETS, SAVINGS, SOCIAL COHESION, TARGETED TRANSFERS, TARGETING, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, VILLAGE ASSEMBLY, VILLAGE LEADERS, VILLAGE LEVEL, YOUTH