A review of operational interactions between pinnipeds and fisheries.
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This review documents the available literature on pinniped/fisheries operational interactions, including as much infoiiiiation as possible from both scientific papers and local reports. Seven areas are examined worldwide and the status of the species found throughout these areas is reviewed. The interactions detrimental to fisheries are described in terms of the extent of depredation, gear damage and disturbances during passive and active net, trap and line fishing and fish farming. The mortality of pinniped species is detailed in terms of numbers dying during each of the different types of fishing operation. Mitigation measures that have been tried in different areas are discussed. Interactions occur throughout the world and vary greatly in extent and in their impact on either a fishery or pinniped population, ranging from an infrequent interaction in a specific area to large-scale problems causing population declines or substantial economic losses. Thirty six of the total of forty-five pinnipeds have been recorded as being involved in some form of interaction with fishing operations or fish fauns. Fourteen interactions involve pinnipeds only and have no effect on fisheries. No interactions are recorded as being only detrimental to the fisheries and not to the pinnipeds involved. Nine pinnipeds have no recorded interactions with fishing operations.