Niger - Impacts of Sustainable Land Management Programs on Land Management and Poverty in Niger
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World Bank
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Since the early 1980s, the Government of
Niger and its development partners have invested more than
200 billion West African Francs (FCFA) in programs will
promote sustainable land management (SLM) and other
activities to reduce poverty and vulnerability. Overall,
more than 50 programs have promoted SLM in Niger. Despite
large investments in SLM programs, their impacts on land
management, agricultural production, poverty, and other
outcomes are not well known. A few studies have documented
impacts of particular projects and land management practices
in selected locations, finding many favorable impacts.
However, although these studies provide valuable insights,
they are limited in scope and by the methods used. A common
problem is the absence of suitable counterfactual
observations to compare to outcomes for communities and
households participating in programs or using particular
land management practices, or inadequate definition of the
counterfactual used. This analysis is intended to contribute
to knowledge about the impacts of SLM programs in Niger by
addressing some of the methodological limitations of prior
studies. The evaluation is based on a secondary database of
major SLM program activities and village characteristics
assembled for all villages of Niger, and a community and
household survey conducted with more than 1,200 households
in 139 villages selected to represent the rural regions of
Niger where most SLM programs have operated. Threats to
external and internal validity of the findings were
addressed by using statistical sampling methods to assure
representativeness of the findings, and quasi-experimental
matching and econometric methods to assure that the program
and counterfactual non-program villages and households were
as comparable as possible in terms of observable
characteristics that affect program placement,
participation, and outcomes.
Palabras clave
ABSOLUTE POVERTY, ACACIA, ACCESS TO IRRIGATION, ACCESS TO MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, AGRICULTURAL YIELDS, AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS, AGROFORESTRY, ANALYTICAL METHODS, ANIMAL PRODUCTS, ANIMALS, ARID TROPICS, ARID ZONE, AVERAGE YIELDS, BENEFIT ANALYSIS, CAP, CAPACITY BUILDING, CARBON, CARBON CREDITS, CASH CROPS, CDF, CHILD MORTALITY, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, COMMUNAL AREAS, COMMUNAL LANDS, COMMUNITY ACTION, COMMUNITY LAND, COUNTERFACTUAL, COWPEAS, CROP, CROP PRODUCTION, CROP YIELDS, CROPLAND, CROPLANDS, CROPS, CULTIVABLE LAND, CULTIVATION, DEFORESTATION, DESERTIFICATION, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DROUGHT, DROUGHT CONTROL, ECOLOGICAL ZONE, ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC IMPACT, ECONOMIC IMPACTS, ECONOMIC INDICATORS, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, EXPENDITURES, EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN, FARM, FARMER, FARMERS, FARMING, FARMING SYSTEMS, FARMS, FERTILIZER, FERTILIZER USE, FERTILIZERS, FLOODING, FOOD CROP, FOOD POLICY, FOOD POLICY RESEARCH, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SECURITY, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FORESTS, GROUNDNUTS, GUM ARABIC, HABITAT, HIPC, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT, HOUSEHOLD PARTICIPATION, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, HUMAN HEALTH, ICRISAT, IFPRI, IMPACT ASSESSMENT, IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDIES, IMPACT EVALUATION, IMPACT ON POVERTY, INCOME, INDICA, INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INTERVENTION, IRRIGATION, LABOR COSTS, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR MARKETS, LAND DEGRADATION, LAND MANAGEMENT, LAND TENURE INSECURITY, LAND USE, LANDLESS PEOPLE, LEGISLATION, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY, LIVING CONDITIONS, MALNUTRITION, MARGINAL LANDS, MATCHING METHODS, MILLET, MULCH, MULCHING, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, NGO, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, NURSERIES, OPPORTUNITY COSTS, OVERGRAZING, PARTICIPATORY MONITORING, PASTORALISM, PLANTING, POLICY CHANGES, POOR, POOR COUNTRIES, POPULATION GROWTH, POVERTY INDICATORS, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMS, PRESENT VALUE, PRIVATE COSTS, PRIVATE GOODS, PROGRAM IMPACTS, PROGRAM INTERVENTIONS, PROGRAMS, PUBLIC GOODS, QUASIEXPERIMENTAL METHODS, RAINFALL, RAINY SEASON, RANGELANDS, REGRESSION ANALYSIS, RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL PEOPLE, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL REGIONS, SEDIMENTATION, SEEDLINGS, SELECTION BIAS, SOIL, SOIL CHARACTERISTICS, SOIL EROSION, SOIL FERTILITY, SOIL TYPE, SOILS, SORGHUM, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, TARGETING, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TIMBER, TRADEOFFS, TREE DENSITY, TREE PLANTATIONS, TREES, VEGETATION, VILLAGE CHARACTERISTICS, VILLAGE LEADERS, WATER AVAILABILITY, WATER HARVESTING, WATERSHED, WILD PLANTS, WINDBREAKS, YIELDS