Social Health Insurance Reexamined
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
World Bank, Washington, DC
Resumen
Descripción
Social health insurance (SHI) is
enjoying something of a revival in parts of the developing
world. Many countries that have in the past relied largely
on tax finance (and out-of-pocket payments) have introduced
SHI, or are thinking about doing so. And countries with SHI
already in place are making vigorous efforts to extend
coverage to the informal sector. Ironically, this revival is
occurring at a time when the traditional SHI countries in
Europe have either already reduced payroll financing in
favor of general revenues, or are in the process of doing
so. This paper examines how SHI fares in health care
delivery, revenue collection, covering the formal sector,
and its impacts on the labor market. It argues that SHI does
not necessarily deliver good quality care at a low cost,
partly because of poor regulation of SHI purchasers. It
suggests that the costs of collecting revenues can be
substantial, even in the formal sector where nonenrollment
and evasion are commonplace, and that while SHI can cover
the formal sector and the poor relatively easily, it fares
badly in terms of covering the nonpoor informal sector
workers until the economy has reached a high level of
economic development. The paper also argues that SHI can
have negative labor market effects.
Palabras clave
ABILITY TO PAY, ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, ADVERSE SELECTION, BREAST CANCER, CANCER PATIENTS, CENTRAL FUND, COMPETITION AMONG INSURERS, CONSUMPTION TAXES, CONTRIBUTION RATE, CONTRIBUTION RATES, CONTRIBUTORY SYSTEM, CORPORATE INCOME TAXES, COST OF CARE, COST OF HEALTH CARE, CUMULATIVE TURNOVER, DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE, DELIVERY SYSTEM, EARNING, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EMPLOYEE, EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS, EQUALIZATION, EVASION, FAMILIES, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FINANCING HEALTH CARE, FINANCING OF HEALTH CARE, FORMAL SECTOR WORKER, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE COSTS, HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, HEALTH CARE REFORM, HEALTH CARE SPENDING, HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS, HEALTH FINANCE, HEALTH FINANCING, HEALTH FINANCING MECHANISM, HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM, HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEME, HEALTH INSURERS, HEALTH NEEDS, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH REFORM, HEALTH REFORMS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SPENDING, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEM FINANCING, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HOSPITALS, HOUSING, INCOME GROUPS, INCOME HOUSEHOLDS, INCOME TAXES, INFORMAL ECONOMY, INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT, INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS, INFORMAL PAYMENTS, INFORMAL SECTOR, INFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INSURANCE COVERAGE, INSURERS, JOBS, LABOR COSTS, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR SUPPLY, LATIN AMERICAN, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVENUES, LOW INCOME, MARGINAL COST, MEDICAL INSURANCE, MUNICIPALITIES, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, OCCUPATION, PATIENTS, PAYROLL TAX, PAYROLL TAXES, PHARMACY, POCKET PAYMENTS, POLICY RESEARCH, PRIMARY CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIVATE ENTERPRISES, PRIVATE INSURANCE, PRIVATE PROVIDERS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES, PUBLIC, PUBLIC PROVIDERS, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SPENDING, PURCHASER- PROVIDER SPLIT, PURCHASER-PROVIDER SPLIT, REAL WAGES, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, REVENUE COLLECTION, SAFETY NET, SCREENING, SERVANTS, SICKNESS FUNDS, SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE, SOCIAL INSURANCE, SOCIAL INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONS, SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEM, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS, STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE, SUPPLIERS, SURVIVAL RATES, TAX, TAX COLLECTION, TAX RATES, TAX REVENUE, TAX REVENUES, TAXATION, TREASURY, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, WORKERS