Fostering Women's Economic Empowerment through Special Economic Zones
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This global report examines the
opportunity for special economic zones to promote
women's economic empowerment and boost zone and
enterprise competitiveness in developing countries. The
research covers Bangladesh, China, Costa Rica, Egypt, El
Salvador, Jordan, Kenya, and the Philippines. The study
focuses on women's economic empowerment in the context
of zones at three levels: (i) fair employment and working
conditions for female employees; (ii) equal access to
opportunities for professional advancement; and (iii)
investment opportunities for female entrepreneurs. The study
also examines gender-friendly policies and practices that
support these three main goals, which include a wide range
of options around laws, regulations, labor policies,
gender-sensitive professional development programs, family
support mechanisms, women's health programs, and
supplier diversity and capacity-building initiatives. This
study establishes the business case for investments in
women's economic empowerment in SEZs, and identifies
good-practice examples of recommended enablers to address
this investment opportunity. Enablers are defined as efforts
to counteract the negative impact of the obstacles women
face in economic participation, and can include policies and
programs at the government, zone, and enterprise level. The
study provides background, evidence of challenges and
success stories, comprehensive recommendations, and a suite
of tools and tips to implement the recommendations successfully.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO FINANCE, ACCESS TO HEALTH, ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS, ADVISORY SERVICES, AWARENESS RAISING, BANKS, BARRIERS TO WOMEN, BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS, BASIC LIFE SKILLS, BENEFITS FOR WOMEN, BUSINESS ADVISORY, BUSINESS ENABLING, BUSINESS ENABLING ENVIRONMENT, BUSINESS OWNERS, BUSINESS SUPPORT, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, CATALYSTS, CERTIFICATION SYSTEM, CHILD CARE, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD LABOR, CHILD-CARE, CODES OF CONDUCT, COMMUNICATION GAPS, COST EFFECTIVENESS, COUNSELORS, CULTURAL NORMS, DEPOSIT, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISCRIMINATION, DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN, DISSEMINATION, ECONOMIC CRISIS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT, ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY, ECONOMIC POLICY, ECONOMIC SITUATION, ECONOMICS OF GENDER, EDUCATIONAL GENDER GAPS, EMPLOYEE, EMPLOYERS, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, EMPOWERING WOMEN, EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN, ENFORCEMENT AGENCY, ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS, ENTREPRENEUR, EQUAL ACCESS, EQUAL PARTICIPATION, EQUAL REMUNERATION, EQUALITY IN EDUCATION, EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY, FAMILIES, FAMILY HEALTH, FAMILY PLANNING, FAMILY SUPPORT, FAMILY WORK, FEMALE EMPLOYEES, FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS, FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, FEMALE WORKERS, FEMINIST ECONOMICS, FINANCIAL ASSETS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL LITERACY, FOOD PROCESSING, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FORMAL ECONOMY, FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION, GENDER, GENDER ACTION, GENDER DIMENSIONS, GENDER DISCRIMINATION, GENDER DISPARITY, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER EQUITY, GENDER GAPS, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDER ISSUES, GENDER NORMS, GENDER PERSPECTIVE, GENDER POLICIES, GENDER RELATIONS, GENDER STEREOTYPES, GENDER STEREOTYPING, GIRLS, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE COSTS, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH PROMOTION, HEALTH SERVICES, HOSPITALS, HOST COUNTRY, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, HUMAN RIGHTS, HUMAN RIGHTS CONVENTIONS, HUMAN RIGHTS STANDARDS, INFORMAL SECTOR, INHERITANCE, INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES, INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABORERS, LABOUR ORGANIZATION, LABOUR RIGHTS, LACK OF ACCESS, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAWS, LAWS ON WOMEN, LEGAL PROTECTION, LEGAL REQUIREMENTS, LEGAL RIGHTS, LEGISLATION ON GENDER EQUALITY, LIMITED ACCESS, LIVING CONDITIONS, MATERNITY LEAVE, MATERNITY PROTECTION, MEDICAL COLLEGE, MICROFINANCE, MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS, MIGRANT, MINIMUM WAGE, MINISTRY OF GENDER, MORTALITY, MORTGAGE, MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS, MULTINATIONAL, NATIONAL LEVEL, NURSING, NUTRITION, OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, OUTREACH, PARTICIPATION BY WOMEN, PAYMENT OF WAGES, PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT, POLICY DEVELOPMENTS, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POLICY-MAKING BODIES, PREGNANCY, PRIVATE ENTERPRISE, PRODUCTIVITY, PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT, PROFITABILITY, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, RETURN ON INVESTMENT, RISK MANAGEMENT, RISK MITIGATION, RURAL AREAS, SAVINGS, SERVICE OFFERINGS, SEXUAL HARASSMENT, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SMALL-BUSINESS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, SOCIAL SERVICES, START-UP, SUBSISTENCE FARMING, SUPPLY CHAIN, SUPPLY CHAINS, SUPPORT SERVICES, TRANSPORTATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNICEF, UNION, UNWANTED PREGNANCY, USAID, WAGE DISCRIMINATION, WAGE GAP, WELLNESS, WOMAN, WOMEN EMPLOYEES, WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS, WOMEN IN BUSINESS, WOMEN WORKERS, WORK ENVIRONMENT, WORKERS, WORKFORCE, WORKING CONDITIONS, WORKING WOMEN, WORKPLACE