Trade in fisheries and aquaculture products: Global markets, production, and food security
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International trade in fisheries and aquaculture products plays a critical role in global food security, employment and income generation, with aquatic foods providing a significant share of protein supply and supporting extensive cross-border value chains. Global production is projected to continue expanding, driven primarily by aquaculture, which now accounts for more than half of total output and an increasing share of internationally traded species. While fisheries catches have remained broadly stable for several decades, aquaculture has diversified species portfolios and met rising demand for high-quality aquatic products, although recent growth rates have moderated. Trade in aquatic products is influenced by evolving market dynamics, shifting consumer preferences and complex sanitary and food-safety requirements that continue to pose challenges for exporters, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Recent trade agreements increasingly incorporate sustainability, environmental and labour provisions, reflecting efforts to align market access with responsible resource management and commitments under global instruments such as regional fisheries management organizations and multilateral environmental agreements. Implementation of these provisions may require adjustments to national legislation, monitoring and certification systems, with implications for producers, processors and small-scale fishers. This policy brief provides an overview of recent developments in global production and trade of fisheries and aquaculture products at national and international levels, and discusses the emerging challenges and outlook that will shape their contribution to food security and sustainable market participation in the coming years.