Overview of land degradation neutrality (LDN) in Europe and Central Asia
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Turkmenistan is the flattest country in Central Asia with mountains in only 5 percent of its surface, and a strong continental and desertic climate. Average annual precipitation of 190 mm accounts for the lowest Net Primary Productivity of the region (0.39 tC per ha). Still, the country has 2 million ha of arable lands. Most water resources come from the Amu Darya basin draining to the Aral Sea from the mountains of Tajikistan, and water is taken to the southern part of the country via the 1 400 km Kara Kum canal, the longest canal in the world. Soil salinization due to irrigation practices and overgrazing of the rangelands are main concerns for land degradation, with direct impacts on sustainable development and biodiversity in Turkmenistan.