Indonesia - Avoiding the Trap : Development Policy Review 2014
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Within the next two decades Indonesia
aspires to generate prosperity, avoid a middle-income trap,
and leave no one behind as it tries to catch up with
high-income economies. Can Indonesia achieve them? This
report argues that the country has the potential to rise and
become more prosperous and equitable. But the risk of
floating in the middle is real. Which pathway the economy
will take depends on: (i) the adoption of a growth strategy
that unleashes the productivity potential of the economy;
and (ii) consistent implementation of a few, long-standing,
high-priority structural reforms to boost growth and share
prosperity more widely. Indonesia is fortunate to have
options in financing these reforms without threatening its
long-term fiscal outlook. The difficulties lie in getting
the reforms implemented in a complex institutional and
decentralized framework. The report identifies the reforms
of institutions and processes that govern the functioning of
the state as critical for unleashing the country's
development potential. The report provides an analytical
underpinning for the Bank's country partnership
strategy 2009-14 and shapes the Bank's support to the
government's rencana pembangunan jangka menengah
nasional (RPJMN) 2010-2014.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTING, AGRICULTURE, ASSETS, AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY, BANK CREDIT, BANK FINANCING, BASIC EDUCATION, BROKER, BROKERAGE, BUDGETING, CAPITAL FORMATION, CAPITAL MARKET, CAPITAL MARKETS, CAPITAL STOCK, CASH FLOW, CASH FLOWS, CLIMATE CHANGE, COAL, COMMODITY PRICE, COMMODITY PRICES, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSUMER DURABLES, COORDINATION FAILURES, CORPORATE BOND, CORPORATE BOND MARKET, CORPORATE BONDS, CREDIT CONSTRAINT, DEBT, DECENTRALIZATION, DEFICIT SPENDING, DEMOGRAPHICS, DEPOSIT, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DOMESTIC DEBT, DOMESTIC DEBT SECURITIES, DRIVERS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIC SECTORS, ECONOMICS, ECONOMISTS, ELECTRICITY, EMERGING ECONOMIES, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EMPLOYMENT GROWTH, ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS, ENFORCEMENT OF CONTRACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL, EQUIPMENT, ESCROW, EXCHANGE RATE, EXISTING WORKFORCE, EXPENDITURE, EXPORTS, EXTREME POVERTY, FACTOR MARKETS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL MARKET, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCING REQUIREMENT, FISCAL BALANCE, FISCAL DEFICIT, FISCAL DEFICITS, FISCAL POLICY, FISCAL REFORMS, FOREIGN INVESTORS, FORESTRY, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GLOBAL ECONOMY, GLOBAL INTEREST, GOVERNMENT BUDGET, GOVERNMENT DEFICIT, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE, GOVERNMENT REVENUES, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, GRANT ALLOCATION, GROWTH POTENTIAL, GROWTH RATE, GROWTH THEORY, HEALTH SPENDING, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCES, INCOME, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME LEVEL, INFLATION, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INSURANCE, INTEREST PAYMENTS, INTEREST RATES, INTERGOVERNMENTAL FINANCE, INVENTORY, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTMENT DECISIONS, INVESTMENT FUNDS, INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS, INVESTOR PROTECTION, ISSUANCE, JOB CREATION, LABOR COSTS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET ISSUES, LABOR MARKET RIGIDITIES, LABOR MOVEMENT, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR UNIONS, LAND REFORMS, LANDOWNERS, LEGAL ENVIRONMENT, LEGAL RIGHTS, LEGAL SYSTEM, LICENSES, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE, MANPOWER, MATURITY, MATURITY SPECTRUM, MINIMUM WAGE, MORTALITY, MULTIPLIER EFFECTS, MUNICIPAL BONDS, MUNICIPALITIES, NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, NATURAL DISASTER, NATURAL DISASTERS, NOMINAL WAGES, OIL, OIL PRICE, PENSION, PENSION FUND, PENSION FUND ASSETS, PERVERSE INCENTIVES, PHYSICAL ASSETS, PHYSICAL SECURITY, POLICY RESPONSE, PORTS, PRICE INCREASES, PRICE RISKS, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE INVESTORS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION, PRODUCERS, PRODUCT MARKETS, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC, PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SERVICE, PUBLIC SPENDING, REAL GDP, REAL INCOME, REGULATORY BARRIERS, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RETAINED EARNINGS, RETURN, REVENUE COLLECTION, RISK AVERSION, RISK MANAGEMENT, RISK PROFILE, ROADS, SAFETY, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NETS, SAVINGS, SECURITIES, SETTLEMENT, SEVERANCE PAY, STRUCTURAL CHANGE, SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, TAX, TAX EXPENDITURES, TAX REFORM, TAX REFORMS, TAX REVENUES, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TOTAL OUTPUT, TRADE BALANCE, TRADE LAWS, TRANSPARENCY, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, URBANIZATION, VALUATION, WAGE COUNCILS, WAGE INCREASES, WAGES, WEALTH