Making the Most of Scarcity : Accountability for Better Water Management Results in the Middle East and North Africa
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Washington, DC
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Water -- the resource itself as well as
the irrigation and water supply services derived from it is
important for every country. It is fundamental to human
health, wellbeing, productivity, and livelihoods. It is also
essential for the long-term sustainability of ecosystems.
Here, in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, the
most water-scarce region of the world, good water management
matters even more than it does elsewhere. The report
suggests that MENA can meet its water management challenge.
People have a very real need for water for drinking and for
household uses. This domestic use, however, accounts for
less than ten percent of a typical country's water
consumption. Every country in the region has enough water
resources to meet domestic needs, even accounting for the
larger populations expected in the future. And policy
decisions can help improve the way drinking water and
sanitation services are delivered so that people get the
services they need. The bulk of a typical country's
water consumption goes to agriculture. This demand depends
on such factors as the structure of the economy,
people's consumption preferences, agriculture and trade
policies, and how efficiently water is used. These factors
can be influenced by policy choices. Similarly, countries
can protect their environmental quality with policy and
institutional choices. The necessary policy changes are far
from easy. Yet they are essential, and, when coupled with
improvements in accountability to the public, water
resources and services will support communities and promote
economic development and bring benefits to the entire population.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO WATER, ACCOUNTABILITY TO USERS, ADEQUATE WATER, ADJUDICATION, ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT, AGRICULTURAL USES, AGRICULTURAL WATER, ALLOCATION OF WATER, ALLOCATION OF WATER TO AGRICULTURE, ALLOCATION SYSTEM, AQUIFER, AQUIFER RECHARGE, AQUIFERS, ARID COUNTRIES, ARID REGIONS, AUGMENTATION, BASIC SANITATION, BOREHOLES, BRACKISH WATER, BROAD RANGE, CASH FLOW, CHANNEL, CHANNELS, CLIMATE CHANGE, CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES, COST RECOVERY, COVERING, CUBIC METERS, DAMS, DECISION MAKERS, DECISION MAKING, DEMAND FOR WATER, DEMAND MANAGEMENT, DESALINATION, DISCHARGE, DISTRIBUTION OF WATER, DOMESTIC USE, DOMESTIC WATER, DOMESTIC WATER CONSUMPTION, DOWNSTREAM USERS, DRAINAGE, DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, DRILLING RIGS, DRINKING WATER, DROUGHT, ECOSYSTEM, EFFICIENT WATER USE, ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL NEEDS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, EQUITABLE ALLOCATION, EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION, EXPORT, FARMERS, FARMING, FLOOD PROTECTION, FLOODS, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD SELF-SUFFICIENCY, FOSSIL WATER, FRESH WATER, FRESHWATER, FRESHWATER RESOURCES, GAS, GROUND WATER, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER DEPLETION, GROUNDWATER PUMPING, HIGH LEVELS, HIGH WATER, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN WATER CONSUMPTION, HYDROLOGY, IMPORTS, INDUSTRIAL WATER, INTERNATIONAL WATER, INVESTMENT DECISIONS, IRRIGATION, IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, IRRIGATION WATER, IRRIGATORS, LARGE WATER RESOURCE, LOW RAINFALL, LOWER INCOMES, MANAGEMENT OF WATER, MIDDLE EAST, MIDDLE EASTERN, NONREVENUE WATER, NORTH AFRICA, OASES, OVERPUMPING, PACIFIC REGION, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, PIPED WATER, POLITICS OF WATER, POLLUTION, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION GROWTH, POTABLE WATER, PRESSURE, PROGRAMS, PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY, PROVISION OF SERVICES, PROVISION OF WATER, PROVISION OF WATER SUPPLY, PROVISION OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICES, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUMPING, QUANTITIES OF WATER, QUANTITY OF WATER, RAIN, RAINFALL, RAINFALL PATTERNS, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, RENEWABLE WATER RESOURCES, RESERVOIRS, RESPONSIBILITY FOR WATER, RIVER BASIN, RIVER WATER, RIVERS, RUNOFF, RURAL VILLAGES, RURAL WATER, RURAL WATER SUPPLY, SAHARA, SANITATION SERVICES, SCARCE WATER, SCARCE WATER RESOURCES, SCARCITY OF WATER, SEA, SECTORAL POLICIES, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVIDER, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SERVICE PROVISION, SPRINGS, STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, SURFACE WATER, SUSTAINABLE USE, TARIFF REFORM, TOTAL WATER REQUIREMENTS, TRANSPARENCY, TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES, URBAN COMMUNITIES, URBAN WATER, URBAN WATER SUPPLY, USE OF WATER, WASTEWATER, WASTEWATER COLLECTION, WATER ABSTRACTION, WATER ALLOCATION, WATER ALLOCATIONS, WATER APPLICATION, WATER AVAILABILITY, WATER BODIES, WATER CONDITIONS, WATER CONSERVATION, WATER CONSUMPTION, WATER CONVEYANCE, WATER CRISES, WATER CYCLE, WATER DEMAND, WATER DIVERSION, WATER EXTRACTION, WATER FLOWS, WATER INFRASTRUCTURE, WATER INVESTMENTS, WATER MANAGEMENT, WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, WATER MANAGERS, WATER NEED, WATER NEEDS, WATER PARTNERSHIP, WATER POINTS, WATER POLICIES, WATER POLICY, WATER PRICING, WATER PROFESSIONALS, WATER QUALITY, WATER REQUIREMENTS, WATER RESOURCE, WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCES, WATER RIGHTS, WATER SCARCITY, WATER SECTOR, WATER SERVICE, WATER SERVICE PROVIDERS, WATER SERVICES, WATER SOURCE, WATER SOURCES, WATER STORAGE, WATER STRATEGY, WATER SUPPLIES, WATER SUPPLY, WATER SUPPLY SERVICES, WATER SYSTEM, WATER TABLE, WATER USE, WATER USER, WATER USERS, WATER USES, WATER UTILITIES, WATER WITHDRAWAL, WATERSHED, WELL CONSTRUCTION, WELL WATER, WESTERN EUROPE