Religion, land and politics: Shrines and literacy in Punjab, Pakistan

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dc.creatorMalik, Adeel
dc.creatorMirza, Rinchan Ali
dc.date2015-06-11
dc.date2024-08-01T02:50:40Z
dc.date2024-08-01T02:50:40Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T14:55:12Z
dc.descriptionThis paper empirically examines the impact of religious shrines on development. Compiling a unique database covering the universe of shrines across Pakistani Punjab, we explore whether the presence of holy Muslim shrines helps to explain regional variation in literacy rates. Our results demonstrate that the presence of shrines adversely affects literacy only in regions where shrine-related families have a direct political influence. Shrines in these regions represent the confluence of three resources—religion, land and politics—that together constitute a powerful structural inequality with potentially adverse consequences for development. We also probe the determinants of political selection, and find that shrines considered important in the British colonial assessment were more likely to select into politics in post-partition Punjab.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/150088
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/89395
dc.languageen
dc.publisherInternational Food Policy Research Institute
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceMalik, Adeel; Mirza, Rinchan Ali. 2015. Religion, land and politics: Shrines and literacy in Punjab, Pakistan. PSSP Working Paper 30. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/150088
dc.subjecteducation
dc.subjecteconomic development
dc.subjectcultural development
dc.subjectcultural heritage
dc.subjectreligion
dc.subjectliteracy
dc.titleReligion, land and politics: Shrines and literacy in Punjab, Pakistan
dc.typeWorking Paper

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Instituto Internacional de Investigación sobre Políticas Alimentarias (IFPRI)