Maize-grain zinc and iron concentrations as influenced by agronomic management and biophysical factors: a meta-analysis

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dc.creatorKihara, Job
dc.creatorSileshi, Gudeta W.
dc.creatorBolo, Peter
dc.creatorMutambu, Dominic
dc.creatorSenthilkumar, Kalimuthu
dc.creatorSila, Andrew
dc.creatorDevkota, Mina
dc.creatorSaito, Kazuki
dc.date2024-10
dc.date2024-08-28T13:40:21Z
dc.date2024-08-28T13:40:21Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T13:18:35Z
dc.descriptionHuman Zn and Fe deficiencies can be reduced through agronomic biofortification, but information on factors influencing maize grain-Zn and -Fe levels remain scanty. This analysis: (1) Establishes the global distribution of Zn and Fe concentrations in maize grain; (2) assess the contribution of different agronomic practices to the effectiveness of Zn fertilizers for increasing grain yields, and Zn and Fe levels in maize grain; and (3) identify key biophysical factors and metrics to more effectively guide agronomic biofortification of Zn. Using 5874 data points in 138 published papers from 34 countries, we estimated a 7.5% probability of grain-Zn concentrations exceeding the benchmark target of 38 mg kg −1 . Using 3187 data points from 65 studies across 27 countries we estimated a 8.5% probability of grain-Fe concentrations exceeding the target of 60 mg kg −1 . Our 70-paper meta-analysis revealed that applying Zn and/or Fe in combination with inorganic NPK fertilizer can increase maize-grain-Zn and-Fe concentrations by 31% ( p < 0.01) relative to the control (NPK only). In 52% and 37.5% of the studies respectively, grain-Zn and -Fe levels showed significant and concomitant increase with grain-yield increases. Soil organic matter, pH, soil-available Zn, organic input applications, and N, Zn and Fe application rates and methods were among the key factors influencing grain Zn and Fe. We conclude there is substantial room for increasing maize-grain Zn and Fe concentrations, and applying Zn, especially in combined soil and foliar applications, gives substantial increases in grain-Zn and -Fe concentrations. This global review reveals large data gaps on maize-grain nutrient levels, and we call for routine collection of such information in future research.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/151889
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/56103
dc.languageen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceKihara, J.; Sileshi, G.W.; Bolo, P.; Mutambu, D.; Senthilkumar, K.; Sila, A.; Devkota, M.; Saito, K. (2024) Maize-grain zinc and iron concentrations as influenced by agronomic management and biophysical factors: a meta-analysis. Food Security 16: p. 1147–1173. ISSN: 1876-4517
dc.subjectbiofortification
dc.subjectzinc
dc.subjectnutrition security
dc.subjectiron
dc.subjectmeta-analysis
dc.titleMaize-grain zinc and iron concentrations as influenced by agronomic management and biophysical factors: a meta-analysis
dc.typeJournal Article

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