Moving towards an Outcomes-Oriented Approach to Nutrition Program Monitoring : The India ICDS Program
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Focusing on the Integrated Child
Development Services (ICDS), India's largest nutrition
and early child development program, this paper describes
the political, organizational, and technical challenges in
building and sustaining an outcomes-oriented approach to
nutrition program monitoring. The author show that the
current policy environment appears to be conducive to
strengthening nutrition program monitoring: political
commitment is growing, financial allocations to ICDS have
increased and, recently, a number of reforms to strengthen
the ICDS monitoring and evaluation system have been
undertaken. Yet, substantial weaknesses remain. This paper
discusses some of the challenges in converting this vision
into action and suggests some immediate steps that could be
considered both at the central and state levels.
Palabras clave
ACTION PLANS, AGED, ANTENATAL CARE, BENEFICIARIES, BREAST MILK, BULLETIN, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, CHILD FEEDING, CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES, CHILD GROWTH, CHILD MALNUTRITION, CITIZEN, CITIZENS, CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS, CONCURRENT EVALUATION, DATA ANALYSIS, DATA ENTRY, DEVELOPMENT PLANS, E-MAIL, EARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENT, EQUIPMENT, EXTERNAL MONITORING, FAMILY HEALTH, FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS, FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION, FOOD SUPPLEMENTS, GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES, GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH EDUCATION, HOME VISITS, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCE, IDS, ILLNESS, IMPACT EVALUATION, IMPLEMENTATION PLAN, INFANT, INFANTS, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, INTERVENTION, IP, JOB TRAINING, LEARNING, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, M&E ACTIVITIES, MALNUTRITION, MATERIAL, MONITORING DATA, NATIONAL COUNCIL, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL PLAN, NATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION, NURSING, NUTRITION, NUTRITION MONITORING, NUTRITION OUTCOMES, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, OLD CHILDREN, OUTCOME INDICATORS, PEDIATRICS, PERFORMANCE MONITORING, POLITICAL POWER, POLITICAL PROCESS, PRACTITIONERS, PREGNANT WOMEN, PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITION, PROCUREMENT, PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION, PROGRAMS, PROGRESS, QUALITY SERVICES, RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, RESULT, RESULTS, RIGHTS OF CHILDREN, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SANITATION, SERVICE DELIVERY, SOCIAL AUDITS, SOCIAL SECTOR, STATE GOVERNMENTS, SUPERVISION, TARGETS, TELEPHONE, TURNOVER RATES, UNDERNUTRITION, WORKERS, YOUNG CHILD, YOUNG CHILDREN