Poverty in Latin America : Sources Of Welfare Disparities in Ecuador
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This paper contributes to the analysis
of spatial poverty in Ecuador by deepening the understanding
of the constraints faced by the poor in the country through
an investigation of the role of portable characteristics
(human capital) and geography in explaining welfare. At the
national level, the results indicate that these
characteristics explain 72 percent of the differences in
welfare level between urban and rural areas, while returns
to these characteristics account for 28 percent of the
difference. Comparing a leading and a lagging region, such
as the coast versus the Amazon, the characteristics explain
about 90 percent of the welfare differential in urban areas,
while the returns explain about 30 percent of the welfare
differential in rural areas. Among the characteristics
analyzed, education is the most important variable for
explaining differences in living conditions between urban
and rural areas in Ecuador.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTURE, BABIES, DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT ISSUES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INEQUALITY, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY, ECONOMIC SHOCKS, EXTREME POVERTY, FARMER, FARMERS, GEOGRAPHIC AREAS, GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS, HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD HEAD AGE, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTS, IMMIGRANTS, IMPACT OF EDUCATION, INCOME, INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS, INCOME GAP, INEQUALITY, LAGGING REGION, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVEL OF POVERTY, LIVING CONDITIONS, LIVING STANDARDS, MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION, MARRIED COUPLE, MIGRATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL, MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POVERTY, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, NUMBER OF ADULTS, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, PLACE OF RESIDENCE, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POOR, POOR AREAS, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR PEOPLE, POVERTY ASSESSMENT, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, PROGRESS, PUBLIC GOODS, REGIONAL LEVEL, REGIONAL SCIENCE, REGIONAL STUDY, RURAL, RURAL AREA, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COUNTERPARTS, RURAL DIFFERENCES, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INEQUALITY, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL POVERTY RATE, RURAL SECTOR, RURAL SECTORS, SANITATION, SCHOOLING, SEX, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, SPOUSE, STANDARD ERRORS, TEENAGERS, URBAN AREA, URBAN AREAS, URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, URBAN POVERTY, URBAN SECTOR, WELFARE LEVEL