Vietnam Development Report 2004 : Poverty

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dc.creatorWorld Bank
dc.date2013-07-29T21:09:18Z
dc.date2013-07-29T21:09:18Z
dc.date2003-11-17
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:05:42Z
dc.descriptionProgress in Vietnam has been substantial when other dimensions of poverty, apart from expenditures, are considered. The broader Vietnam Development Goals (VDGs), which are a localized version of the Millennium Development Goals, show a consistent improvement of social indicators, from education enrollment to infant mortality. While some regions and some population groups gained more than others, Vietnam continues to reduce poverty considerably faster than other countries at a similar development level. In the early 1990s, its poverty rate was higher than could be expected, given the country's level of economic development. Some time during the second half of the 1990s Vietnam caught up with the "average" country at its development level, and it largely surpassed it by 2002. The "story" behind the reduction in poverty has somewhat changed over time. Earlier gains had been associated with the distribution of agricultural land to rural households, in a context where economic reform provided the right incentives for increased farm production. But those gains have been mainly reaped by now. In more recent years, the driving forces behind poverty reduction are job creation by the private sector and the increased integration of agriculture in the market economy. A vast majority of the working-age population of Vietnam actually works, and labor market participation rates are among the highest in the world. What has changed is not activity, but rather the composition of employment. Over the last four years, the proportion of people who mainly work on their own farm dropped from almost two thirds to slightly less than half. Instead, many more are now engaged in wage employment: 30 percent of those at work earned a wage in 2002, compared to 19 percent four years earlier. Thanks to its buoyant expansion, by 2002 the formal private sector already accounted for around 2.5 million jobs, more than the entire public sector. But a much larger number of jobs have been created by the private informal sector.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/11/2800714/vietnam-development-report-2004-poverty
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/14651
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/14651
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/415153
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION PROJECTS
dc.subjectECONOMIC PROGRESS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subjectSOCIAL INDICATORS
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL LAND ACQUISITION
dc.subjectRURAL HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectECONOMIC REFORM
dc.subjectFARM PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectJOB CREATION PROGRAMS
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectMARKET ECONOMY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectLAND USE CAPABILITY
dc.subjectLOWLANDS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectINEQUALITY MEASURES ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectCITIZEN
dc.subjectCITIZEN FEEDBACK
dc.subjectCIVIL WAR
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectCONSULTATIVE MANNER
dc.subjectCRISES
dc.subjectCRONY
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDECISION-MAKING PROCESSES
dc.subjectDELIVERY MECHANISMS
dc.subjectDEMOCRACY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT AID
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT REPORT
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
dc.subjectDIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC COOPERATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEFFECTIVE USE
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectENTITLEMENTS
dc.subjectETHNIC GROUPS
dc.subjectETHNIC MINORITIES
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE DATA
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTOR
dc.subjectFOOD NEEDS
dc.subjectFOOD POVERTY LINE
dc.subjectFOOD SECURITY
dc.subjectFULL PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectGOOD GOVERNANCE
dc.subjectGOVERNANCE OBJECTIVES
dc.subjectGROWTH PATTERN
dc.subjectGROWTH PRO-POOR
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectHEALTH OUTCOMES
dc.subjectHEALTH SECTOR
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH STATUS
dc.subjectHEALTH SURVEY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME DATA
dc.subjectINCREASED INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL CHANGE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectLOCAL AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectLOCAL LANGUAGES
dc.subjectLOCAL LEVEL
dc.subjectLOCAL LEVELS
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectMARKET ECONOMY
dc.subjectMASS MIGRATION
dc.subjectNATIONAL ACCOUNTS
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEVELS
dc.subjectNUTRITIONAL INTAKE
dc.subjectPARTICIPATORY POVERTY
dc.subjectPARTICIPATORY POVERTY ASSESSMENTS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKING
dc.subjectPOOR HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROUPS
dc.subjectPOVERTY ALLEVIATION
dc.subjectPOVERTY FOCUS
dc.subjectPOVERTY GAP
dc.subjectPOVERTY INCREASE
dc.subjectPOVERTY LINE
dc.subjectPOVERTY MAP
dc.subjectPOVERTY MEASUREMENT
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATE
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATES
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPOVERTY WORK
dc.subjectPRIMARY HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRO- POOR
dc.subjectPRO-POOR
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPUBLIC ACTIONS
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectPUBLIC INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICIES
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectPUBLIC SPENDING
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER PARITY
dc.subjectRECURRENT EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectREDUCING POVERTY
dc.subjectREGIONAL DISPARITIES
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectRURAL POVERTY
dc.subjectSAFETY NET
dc.subjectSAFETY NETS
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectSOCIAL INDICATORS
dc.subjectSOCIAL POLICIES
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECTORS
dc.subjectSOCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectSTATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectSTATISTICAL DATA
dc.subjectSTATISTICAL OFFICE
dc.subjectTRANSPARENCY
dc.subjectURBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectVULNERABLE GROUPS
dc.titleVietnam Development Report 2004 : Poverty

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