Comunity Based Development and Infrastructure in Timor-Leste : Past Experiences and Future Opportunities
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Washington, DC
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This paper examines the opportunities,
challenges and constraints of undertaking community-based
development (CBD) programming in Timor-Leste, particularly
through the lens of community-based provision of
economically productive infrastructure. During an extended
period of weak central governance in the aftermath of Timor
Leste s turbulent independence struggle, external actors
mainly foreign donor agencies and international NGOs broadly
favoring a community-based approach played a dominant role
in the country s reconstruction. In light of Timor Leste s
political history and geographic isolation, it is not
surprising that weak social capital and logistical obstacles
have hampered CBD efforts, leaving Timor Leste with a mixed
track record of success. Based on a longitudinal stock
taking of CBD projects and face-to-face interviews with key
actors in government, NGOs and the donor community, three
specific initiatives are examined in detail with a view to
elucidating key successes, constraints and opportunities as
well as lessons learned that can inform the shifting policy environment.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, AUTHORITY, CAP, CAPACITY BUILDING, CITIZEN, CITIZENS, CIVIL SOCIETY, CLEAN WATER, CLINICS, COLLECTIVE ACTION, COMMUNITIES, COMMUNITY ACTION, COMMUNITY ACTION PLANNING, COMMUNITY BASED APPROACHES, COMMUNITY BASED DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY BASED INITIATIVES, COMMUNITY BASED METHODS, COMMUNITY BASED PLANNING, COMMUNITY BUILDING, COMMUNITY CAPACITY, COMMUNITY CONTRIBUTIONS, COMMUNITY CONTROL, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY DYNAMICS, COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT, COMMUNITY FACILITATORS, COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE, COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT, COMMUNITY LEADERS, COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT, COMMUNITY MEETINGS, COMMUNITY MEMBERS, COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION, COMMUNITY OWNERSHIP, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, COMMUNITY PLANNING, COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, COMMUNITY STRUCTURES, COMMUNITY SUPPORT, COMMUNITY WATER SUPPLY, COMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT, CONFLICT RESOLUTION, CONSTITUENCY, CONSTITUTION, CONSULTATION, COUNCILS, DECENTRALIZATION, DECISION MAKING, DECISION-MAKERS, DECISION-MAKING, DECISION-MAKING BODY, DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES, DECREE, DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE, DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION, DISTRICTS, DRINKING WATER, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ENGINEERS, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTS, EQUALITY, EXECUTION, EXPENDITURE, FACILITATORS, FEMALE, FIELD TESTING, FIELD VISITS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FISCAL POLICY, FISHERIES, FLOW OF FUNDS, FOREIGN AID, FORESTRY, GENDER, GOOD GOVERNANCE, GOVERNANCE DIMENSIONS, GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONS, GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION, GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES, GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS, GOVERNMENT EFFORTS, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS, GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, GOVERNMENT POLICY, GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION, HOMES, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN CAPACITY, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCE, IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES, INCOME, INFORMATION DISSEMINATION, INHABITANTS, INTERMEDIARIES, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERVENTION, INTERVENTIONS, KEY ACTORS, LEGISLATION, LESSONS LEARNED, LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT, LITERACY RATES, LIVING STANDARDS, LOBBYING, LOCAL CAPACITY, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, LOCAL COMMUNITY, LOCAL GOVERNANCE, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LOCAL GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, MINISTRIES OF TRANSPORT, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, NATIONAL ELECTIONS, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POLICY, NATIONS, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NEEDS ASSESSMENT, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, OCCUPATION, OIL, PARTICIPATORY APPROACHES, PARTICIPATORY METHODS, PARTICIPATORY PLANNING, POLICY ENVIRONMENT, POLITICAL INTERFERENCE, POLITICAL POWER, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PROCUREMENT, PROJECT APPRAISAL, PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION, PROJECT PREPARATION, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC FUNDS, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE, PUBLIC SERVICE, PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY, QUOTAS, REFERENDUM, REHABILITATION, REPRESENTATIVES, RESIDENCES, RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL ACTION, SOCIAL CAPITAL, SOCIAL CONFLICT, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL FUNDS, SOCIAL GROUPS, SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, STATE ADMINISTRATION, STATE AUTHORITY, STATE BUDGET, STATE FAILURE, STREAMS, TELEPHONES, TELEVISION, TRADITIONAL LEADERS, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPARENT MECHANISMS, TRANSPARENT MONITORING, TRANSPARENT PROCEDURES, VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT, VILLAGE LEVEL, VILLAGES, VOTING, WOMEN FACILITATORS, YOUTH, YOUTH DEVELOPMENT, O&M