Universal Health Coverage for Inclusive and Sustainable Development : Country Summary Report for France
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World Bank Group, Washington, DC
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Situated in Western Europe, France is a
high-income country with a gross national income (GNI) above
$40,000 per capita. While the overall picture of health
status is good, France contains apparent contradictions.
Life expectancy is overall better than in many European
countries, but premature male deaths remain high due to
accidents, smoking, and alcoholism. Social and geographic
inequalities in health are substantial, to the disadvantage
of the northern parts of metropolitan France and overseas
departments and territories. The French system largely
relies on Bismarckian-based Statutory Health Insurance
(SHI), established after the Second World War. Universal
coverage was fully achieved in 2000 when a new law
(Universal Medical Coverage Act, or CMU by its French
acronym) expanded coverage to noncontributory low-income
groups. Financial sustainability of the model has been a
recurrent concern over the last three decades. Recent shifts
in the funding model and the introduction of spending
targets and efficiency measures have injected some
flexibility to the system.
Palabras clave
ACUTE CARE, AGED, ALCOHOLISM, AMBULATORY CARE, AMBULATORY SECTOR, ANESTHESIA, BASIC HEALTH SERVICES, BULLETIN, CANCER, CHIROPRACTIC, CHRONIC CONDITIONS, CHRONIC DISEASES, CLINICIAN, CLINICS, COST SHARING, COST-EFFICIENCY, DEATHS, DELIVERY MECHANISMS, DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE, DELIVERY SYSTEM, DIAGNOSIS, DIALYSIS, DIET, DISABILITY, DOCTORS, DRUGS, ELDERLY, EMPLOYMENT, EQUAL ACCESS, FEE SCHEDULE, FEE-FOR-SERVICE, FEE-FOR-SERVICE BASIS, FEE-FOR-SERVICE PAYMENT, FINANCIAL INCENTIVES, FINANCIAL PROTECTION, FINANCING HEALTH CARE, GENERAL PRACTITIONERS, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, GROWTH IN HEALTH SPENDING, GYNECOLOGY, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS, HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, HEALTH CARE SPENDING, HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS, HEALTH COVERAGE, HEALTH DATA, HEALTH ECONOMICS, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, HEALTH FINANCING, HEALTH FUNDING, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE, HEALTH INSURANCE FUNDS, HEALTH INSURANCE MARKETS, HEALTH INSURANCE SYSTEM, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, HEALTH RISKS, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SPECIALIST, HEALTH SPENDING, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTHCARE, HEALTHCARE SPENDING, HOSPITAL, HOSPITAL BEDS, HOSPITAL CARE, HOSPITAL SECTOR, HOSPITALS, HUMAN RESOURCES, ILLNESS, IMMUNIZATION, INCOME, INCOME GROUPS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INSURANCE FUNDS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, LOW INCOME, MEDICAL CARE, MEDICAL GOODS, MEDICAL PROCEDURES, MEDICAL SERVICES, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MONITORING MECHANISMS, NATIONAL POLICY, NURSES, NURSING, NUTRITION, OLD AGE, PARAMEDICS, PATIENT, PATIENT CHOICE, PATIENTS, PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY, PHYSICIAN, PHYSICIANS, PHYSIOTHERAPISTS, POCKET PAYMENTS, POLICY DECISIONS, POPULATION GROUPS, PRESCRIPTIONS, PRIMARY CARE, PRIVATE CLINICS, PRIVATE HOSPITALS, PRIVATE SPENDING, PSYCHIATRY, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS, PUBLIC HOSPITALS, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SERVICE, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, QUALITY OF CARE, QUALITY OF LIFE, SCREENING, SICKNESS FUNDS, SMOKING, SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE, SOCIAL INSURANCE, SOCIAL SECURITY, STATE POLICIES, SURGERY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, WAR, WORKERS