Labor Mobility, Economic Shocks, and Jobless Growth : Evidence from Panel Data in Morocco
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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During the past 20 years, Morocco has
implemented a wide range of macroeconomic, social, and labor
market reforms that have delivered in terms of growth of
gross domestic product and household welfare. Yet, these
positive developments are not reflected by the main labor
market indicators, a phenomenon observed elsewhere in
developed and developing economies alike and labeled as
"jobless growth." For the first time for Morocco,
this paper uses quarterly panel data to investigate the
question of labor mobility in an effort to determine whether
people have moved to better sectors and jobs. The results
point to significant labor mobility between labor statuses
with quite distinct features across population groups. All
groups experience some form of labor market mobility every
quarter and women are as mobile as men. However, the
transitions that women experience are very different from
the transitions than men experience and women's
performance is worse than men s performance in almost all
aspects of labor mobility.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTING, AGED WORKERS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, ATTRITION, BULLETIN, CHRONIC UNDEREMPLOYMENT, COMPETITIVENESS, CRISES, DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, DESCRIPTION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS, ECONOMIC SHOCKS, EMPLOYMENT CREATION, EMPLOYMENT DURATION, EMPLOYMENT GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT POLICIES, EMPLOYMENT RATE, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, FEMALE, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALES, FINDING JOBS, FLOW OF PEOPLE, GENDER, GENDER GAP, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INCOME, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFLATION, INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT, INFORMAL SECTOR, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, JOB CREATION, JOB GENERATION, JOB LOSSES, JOB SEEKERS, JOBLESS GROWTH, JOBS, LABOR ALLOCATION, LABOR CODE, LABOR ECONOMICS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET INDICATORS, LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE, LABOR MARKET POLICIES, LABOR MARKET REFORMS, LABOR MARKET SITUATION, LABOR MOBILITY, LABOR MOVEMENTS, LABOR REALLOCATION, MALE COUNTERPARTS, MARKET DEVELOPMENTS, MARKET TRENDS, MODERNIZATION, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL PLAN, OCCUPATIONS, PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT, PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN, PLACE OF RESIDENCE, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POPULATION CHANGES, POPULATION GROUPS, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION STATISTICS, POPULATION STRUCTURE, PRICE CHANGES, PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTORS, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROGRESS, PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT, PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS, RURAL AREA, RURAL AREAS, RURAL RESIDENTS, RURAL WOMEN, SALARIED WORKERS, SERVICE SECTOR, SMALL ENTERPRISES, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL SECURITY, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNPAID WORKERS, URBAN AREAS, URBAN MIGRATION, URBAN WOMEN, WORKER, WORKERS, YOUNG PEOPLE