Drug Trafficking and Violence in Central America and Beyond
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper examines the relationship
between narcotics trafficking and violence in Central
America. The first part of the paper addresses particular
questions posed for the 2011 World Development Report and
examines several competing hypothesis on the drivers of
crime in Central America. A key finding is that areas
exposed to intense narcotics trafficking in Central America
suffer from higher homicide rates. Drug trafficking has
corrupted state institutions, which have been overwhelmed by
the resources deployed by trafficking organizations. The
second part of the paper reviews the reasons drug
trafficking and anti trafficking enforcement are associated
with violence in general and consider policy options.
Palabras clave
ABUSES, ACCOUNTING, ALCOHOL, AMBASSADOR, ARMED CONFLICT, ARMED CONFLICTS, ARMED FORCES, BATTLES, BRIBE, BRIBERY, BRIBES, BURGLARY, CIVIL SOCIETY, CIVIL WAR, CIVIL WARS, COCAINE, COERCION, COMPLAINT, CONFIDENCE, CONFLICT, CONFLICT RESOLUTION, CORRUPT, CORRUPT OFFICIALS, CORRUPTION, COURTS, CRIME, CRIME PREVENTION, CRIME PREVENTION MEASURES, CRIME RATES, CRIMES, CRIMINAL, CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES, CRIMINAL ACTIVITY, CRIMINAL COURT, CRIMINAL JUSTICE, CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM, CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS, CRIMINAL SANCTIONS, CRIMINALITY, CRIMINALS, DEATHS, DEMOBILIZATION, DEMOCRACY, DRUG, DRUG SEIZURES, DRUG TRADE, DRUG TRAFFICKERS, DRUG TRAFFICKING, DRUG USE, DRUGS, DUE PROCESS, EXTRADITION, EXTRADITION TREATY, FIGHTING, FIREARM, FIREARMS, GANG, GANG MEMBERS, GANGS, GUERRILLA, GUERRILLA GROUPS, GUN, GUNS, HEROIN, HOMICIDE, HOMICIDE RATE, HOMICIDE RATES, HOMICIDES, HUMAN RIGHTS, ILLICIT DRUG, ILLICIT DRUGS, INITIATIVE, INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, INTERNATIONAL LAW, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, INVESTIGATION, JUDICIAL CORRUPTION, JUDICIARY, KIDNAPPING, LAW ENFORCEMENT, LAW-ENFORCEMENT, LAWS, LEADERSHIP, LEVELS OF CRIME, LIABILITY, MARIJUANA, MARIJUANA USE, MONEY LAUNDERING, MORTALITY, MURDER, MURDER RATE, MURDER RATES, MURDERS, NARCOTICS, NARCOTICS CONTROL, NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING, NATIONS, OFFENSE, ORGANIZED CRIME, PAYOFFS, PEACE, PENAL SANCTIONS, PENALTIES, PERPETRATORS, POLICE, POLICE OFFICERS, POLITICIAN, POLITICIANS, PRETRIAL DETENTION, PRISON, PRISONS, PROBATION, PROSECUTION, PROSECUTORS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC OFFICIALS, PUBLIC OPINION, REPRESSION, RISK FACTORS, ROADS, ROBBERY, SAFE HAVENS, SECURITY FORCES, STATE INSTITUTIONS, TOBACCO, TORTURE, TREATIES, TRIALS, VICTIMS, VIOLENCE, VIOLENT CONFLICT, VIOLENT CRIME, WARFARE, WEAPONS, WORLD DEVELOPMENT, YOUNG MALES, YOUNG MEN, YOUTH, YOUTH GANGS