On Norms and Agency : Conversations about Gender Equality with Women and Men in 20 Countries

Muñoz Boudet, Ana María; Petesch, Patti; Turk, Carolyn; Thumala, Angélica

On Norms and Agency : Conversations about Gender Equality with Women and Men in 20 Countries

Autores

Muñoz Boudet, Ana María

Petesch, Patti

Turk, Carolyn

Thumala, Angélica

Editor

Washington, DC: World Bank

Descripción

This report provides tremendous insight on gender norms an area that has been resistant to change, and that constrains achievement of gender equality across many diverse cultures. The report synthesizes data collected from more than 4,000 women and men in 97 communities across 20 countries. It is the largest dataset ever collected on the topic of gender and development, providing an unprecedented opportunity to examine potential patterns across communities on social norms and gender roles, pathways of empowerment, and factors that drive acute inequalities. The analysis raises the profile of persistent social norms and their impact on agency, and catalyzes discourse on the many pathways that create opportunities for women and men to negotiate transformative change. The report is underpinned by the fact that arguably the single most important contribution to development is to unleash the full power of half the people on the planet women. It underscores how crucial making investments in learning, supporting innovations that reduce the time costs of women s mobility, and developing a critical mass of women and men pushing the boundaries of entrenched social norms are in enhancing women s agency and capacity to aspire.

Palabras clave

ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACCESS TO JOBS, ACCESS TO LAND, ACCESS TO RESOURCES, ACHIEVEMENT OF GENDER EQUALITY, ADOLESCENT BOYS, ADOLESCENT GIRLS, ADOLESCENTS, ADULT MEN, ADULT WOMEN, AGE AT MARRIAGE, AGE OF MARRIAGE, AID, ASSESSMENT OF GENDER, AUTONOMY, BABY, BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCE, BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES, BOTH SEXES, CAPACITY BUILDING, CHILDBEARING, CITIES, COERCION, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, CONFLICT RESOLUTION, CONTROL OVER RESOURCES, CRIMINOLOGY, CULTURAL CHANGE, CULTURAL NORMS, CULTURES, DAILY LIFE, DEMOCRACY, DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, DISCOURSE, DISCRIMINATION, DIVORCE, DOMESTIC ABUSE, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, EFFECTS OF GENDER, EMPOWERING WOMEN, ENHANCING WOMEN, EQUAL RIGHTS, ETHICS, EVERYDAY PRACTICES, FAMILIES, FAMILY FORMATION, FAMILY LAW, FAMILY VALUES, FASHION, FEMALE, FEMININITY, FEMINIST, FERTILITY, FERTILITY CONTROL, FIELD EXPERIENCE, FIRST CHILD, FLEXIBLE WORK ARRANGEMENTS, FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS, FREEDOM OF CHOICE, FUTURE GENERATIONS, GENDER, GENDER & SOCIETY, GENDER BIAS, GENDER CONSIDERATIONS, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER DIMENSIONS, GENDER DISPARITIES, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER GAPS, GENDER IDENTITY, GENDER INEQUALITIES, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDER INEQUITIES, GENDER LAWS, GENDER NORM, GENDER NORMS, GENDER RELATIONS, GENDER RESEARCH, GENDER ROLE, GENDER ROLES, GIRLS, HOME, HOMES, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUSBAND, HUSBANDS, IDENTITY, ILL HEALTH, ILLITERACY, IMAGES OF WOMEN, INFORMAL SECTOR, INFORMED CHOICES, INHERITANCE, INHERITANCE RIGHTS, JUSTICE, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOUR MARKETS, LACK OF CAPACITY, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAWS, LEGAL STATUS, LEGISLATION, LIBERTY, LITERACY, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, MALE HEIRS, MASCULINITIES, MASCULINITY, MEDIA, MOTHER, NORMS, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUTRITION, OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, OPPOSITE SEX, PARTICIPATION IN SOCIETY, PERSONAL DECISIONS, PERSONAL LIFE, PHILOSOPHY, POINT OF DEPARTURE, POLICY ANALYSIS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POWER, POWER RELATIONSHIPS, PRIVACY, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRESS, PUBLIC INFORMATION, PUBLIC LIFE, PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, REFUGEE, REFUGEE CAMPS, RELIGION, REPRODUCTION, RESPECT, RIGHT TO EDUCATION, ROLE MODELS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL WOMAN, SAME SEX, SANCTION, SANCTIONS, SELF-CONFIDENCE, SEX, SEX DISCRIMINATION, SEX DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN, SEX PREFERENCE, SEX ROLE, SEXES, SOAP OPERAS, SOCIAL CHANGE, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS, SOCIAL LIFE, SOCIAL NETWORKS, SOCIAL NORMS, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SOCIAL SPHERE, SOCIAL STRUCTURES, SOCIAL THEORY, SOCIAL WELFARE, SOCIETIES, SOCIETY, SOCIOLOGY, SPECIALIST, STEREOTYPED IMAGES OF WOMEN, STEREOTYPICAL IMAGES, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TELEVISION, TRADITIONAL CULTURE, TV, UNDP, UNEQUAL POWER, UNITED NATIONS, UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, URBAN AREAS, URBAN COMMUNITIES, URBAN COMMUNITY, VILLAGES, WDR, WIFE, WILL, WOMAN, WOMEN'S STATUS, WORKING MOTHERS, YOUNG ADULT, YOUNG ADULTS, YOUNG GIRLS, YOUNG WOMEN