Reducing Maternal Mortality : Learning from Bolivia, China, Egypt, Honduras, Indonesia, Jamaica, and Zimbabwe
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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Of the 515,000 maternal deaths that
occur every year worldwide, 99 percent take place in
developing countries. Women In the developing world have a 1
in 48 chance of dying from pregnancy-related causes; the
ratio in industrial countries is 1 in 1,800. Of all the
human development indicators, the greatest discrepancy
between industrial, and developing countries is in maternal
health. The stimulus for this study was the question - Can
current program strategies reduce maternal mortality faster
that the decades required in the historically successful
countries of Malaysia, and Sri Lanka? The answer was no.
Based on case studies in seven selected countries, the study
stipulates the factor common to all reviewed programs, is
the high availability of a provider who is, either a skilled
birth attendant, or closely connected with a capable
referral system. A second common factor is the high
availability of facilities that can provide basic, and
essential obstetric care. But, unlike historic successes
however, strong government policy now focuses explicitly on
safe motherhood, and sets the tone for programs in most of
the selected countries. Another difference between the case
studies selected, and that in historically successful
countries, is the financing of services: while service were
free to families in Malaysia and Sri Lanka, costs of safe
motherhood services are now substantial, and a major
deterrent to use.
Palabras clave
ANTENATAL CARE, BABIES, BIRTHING CENTERS, BIRTHRATE, BIRTHS, CHILD HEALTH, CHILDBIRTH, CLINICS, CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE, CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE RATE, DELIVERY CARE, DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS, DOCTORS, DRUGS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE, EPIDEMIOLOGY, EXPENDITURES, FAMILIES, FAMILY HEALTH, FAMILY PLANNING, FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES, FEMALE PATIENTS, FERTILITY, HEALTH, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH FACILITY, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH PROGRAMS, HEALTH PROVIDERS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEALTH TRAINING, HOSPITAL BIRTHS, HOSPITALS, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, HYGIENE, HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS, IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME, IMMUNODEFICIENCY, INTERVENTION, LIVE BIRTHS, MANAGERS, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE, MATERNAL DEATH, MATERNAL DEATHS, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNAL HEALTH CARE, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO, MATERNITY CARE, MCH, MEDICAL PERSONNEL, MEDICAL SUPPLIES, MIDWIFERY, MIDWIVES, MODERN CONTRACEPTION, MORTALITY, MOTHERS, NATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING COUNCIL, NURSES, NUTRITION, NUTRITION, OBSTETRIC CARE, OBSTETRIC EMERGENCIES, PATIENTS, PEER REVIEW, POSTPARTUM PERIOD, PREGNANCY, PREGNANT WOMEN, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIVATE CLINICS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, PUBLIC HEALTH, QUALITY CONTROL, REFERRAL HOSPITALS, REPRODUCTIVE AGE, RISK ASSESSMENT, RISK FACTORS, SAFE MOTHERHOOD, SAFETY, SERVICE DELIVERY MODELS, STD, SURGERY, TETANUS, TOTAL FERTILITY RATE, TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS, TRAINED MIDWIFE, WORKERS MATERNAL MORTALITY, CASE STUDIES, PREGNANT WOMEN, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS, HEALTH PROGRAMS, HEALTH PROVIDERS, BIRTH ATTENDANTS, HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, OBSTETRIC HOSPITALS, HEALTH POLICY, SAFE MOTHERHOOD, HEALTH CARE FINANCING