Trade, Development, and the Political Economy of Public Standards
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This paper presents a political economy model of public standards in an open economy
model. We use the model to derive the political optimum and to analyze different factors
that have an influence on this political equilibrium. The paper discusses how the level of
development influences the political equilibrium. We also analyze the relation between
trade and the political equilibrium and compare this political outcome with the social
optimum to identify under which cases ‘under-standardization’ or ‘over-standardization’
results, and which standards can be labeled as (producer)protectionist measures.