Criss-Crossing Migration

Subramanian, Arvind; Mattoo, Aaditya

Criss-Crossing Migration

Autores

Subramanian, Arvind

Mattoo, Aaditya

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

The current perspective on the flow of people is almost exclusively focused on permanent migration from poorer to richer countries and on immigration policies in industrial countries. But international mobility of people should no longer be seen as a one-time event or one-way flow from South to North. The economic crisis has accentuated the longer-term shift in location incentives for people in industrial countries. As consumers, they could obtain better and cheaper access to key services -- such as care for the elderly, health, and education -- whose costs at home are projected to increase in the future, threatening standards of living. As workers, they could benefit from new opportunities created by the shift in economic dynamism from industrial to emerging countries. But subtle incentives to stay at home, such as lack of portability of health insurance and non-recognition of qualifications obtained abroad, inhibit North-South mobility and need to be addressed. Furthermore, if beneficiaries of movement abroad exert countervailing power against those who support immigration barriers at home, then that could lead to greater inflows of people, boosting innovation and growth in the North. Eventually, growing two-way flows of people could create the possibility of a grand bargain to reduce impediments to the movement of people at every stage in all countries and help realize the full benefits of globalization.

Palabras clave

ACADEMIC YEAR, ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE, ACCREDITATION, AGED, BABY, BARRIERS TO ENTRY, BENEFITS OF GLOBALIZATION, BRAIN DRAIN, BUSINESS SCHOOL, CENTER FOR HEALTH, CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE, CERTIFICATION, CITIZENS, COST OF EDUCATION, COSTS SAVINGS, COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN, COUNTRY CAPITAL, CRITICAL MASS, DEBT, DEBTS, DEMOCRACIES, DEMOCRACY, DEMOGRAPHIC, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISCRIMINATION, DISEASE CONTROL, DISSEMINATION, DIVIDEND, DOCTORS, ECONOMIC CRISES, ECONOMIC CRISIS, ECONOMIC DYNAMISM, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY, EDUCATED PEOPLE, EDUCATIONAL DEGREES, EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, ELDERLY, EMERGENCY CARE, EMERGING MARKETS, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, FACULTIES, FEDERAL RESERVE, FINANCIAL CRISES, FLOW OF PEOPLE, FLOWS OF PEOPLE, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FOREIGN MARKETS, FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, FOREIGN PROFESSIONALS, FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT, GLAUCOMA, GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT, GRADUATE STUDENTS, HARMONIZATION, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE COSTS, HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, HEALTH INSTITUTIONS, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH PLANS, HEALTH SERVICES, HIGHER EDUCATION, HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM, HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, HOME COUNTRIES, HOSPITAL, HOSPITALS, HOST COUNTRIES, HOST COUNTRY, HUSBANDS, IMMIGRANT, IMMIGRANTS, IMMIGRATION, IMMIGRATION LAWS, IMMIGRATION POLICIES, IMMIGRATION POLICY, IMMIGRATION REFORM, INCOME, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOMES, INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES, INDUSTRIAL COUNTRY, INTEGRATION, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION, INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY, INTERNATIONALIZATION, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE GROWTH, LABOR MARKET, LEARNING, LEGAL STATUS, LIBERAL ENTRY, LIBERALIZATION, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, MEDICAID, MEDICAL CARE, MEDICAL COLLEGE, MEDICAL EDUCATION, MEDICAL FACILITIES, MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS, MEDICAL SCHOOL, MEDICAL SCHOOLS, MEDICAL SERVICES, MEDICAL TREATMENT, MIGRATION, MODERNIZATION, MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, NATIONAL BORDERS, NATIONALS, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NURSES, OLD AGE, OPEN ACCESS, OPEN DOORS, PAPERS, PATIENTS, PENSION, PENSION LIABILITIES, PENSIONS, PHYSICIANS, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL OPPOSITION, POLITICAL POWER, POPULATION PROJECTIONS, POPULATION RESEARCH, PRIVATE SCHOOLS, PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION, PROGRESS, PUBLIC FINANCES, QUALITY ASSURANCE, QUALITY ASSURANCE AGENCIES, QUALITY OF CARE, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH, RAPID GROWTH, REGIONAL HUB, REGULATORS, REPATRIATION, RESEARCHERS, RICHER COUNTRIES, SAVINGS, SCHOLARSHIPS, SCIENTISTS, SCREENING, SKILLED LABOR, SKILLED PEOPLE, SKILLED PROFESSIONALS, SOCIAL COSTS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, SURGERY, TAX, TEACHERS, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TUITION, TUITION FEES, UNDOCUMENTED WORKERS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNFUNDED PENSION, UNIVERSITIES, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY GRADUATES, VENTURE CAPITAL, VENTURE CAPITALISTS, WORKERS, WORLD ECONOMY, YOUNG PEOPLE, insurance portability, North-South migration