Investment pathways for recovery of the Sudan’s agrifood micro-, small and medium enterprises
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This policy brief examines the role of agrifood micro-, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) as the “hidden middle” of the Sudan’s agrifood system, linking producers to markets through processing, trade and logistics. Drawing on 2024 enterprise survey data and econometric analysis, it highlights how the conflict since April 2023 has severely disrupted these enterprises through widespread displacement, reduced operational capacity and weakened supply chains. The analysis identifies key determinants of enterprise resilience, including firm size, access to finance, degree of formalization and gender dynamics. Female-owned firms show relatively higher adaptive capacity, while micro-enterprises, less formalized firms and logistics-related services remain particularly vulnerable. Building on these findings, the brief proposes a two-phase investment strategy: short-term measures to preserve essential midstream functions and prevent enterprise collapse, followed by longer-term investments to strengthen emerging relocation hubs and rebuild agrifood markets. Targeted support to MSMEs is presented as a strategic lever for stabilizing food systems, restoring market connectivity and supporting economic recovery in conflict-affected contexts.