Poverty in Albania : A Qualitative Assessment
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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This qualitative assessment of poverty
in Albania seeks to deepen the understanding of poverty in
the country, first, by involving poor Albanians in a process
of exploring the causes, nature, extent of poverty, and how
it affects their livelihoods. Second, it is intended to
support the Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
(PRSP). Third, it supports preparation of the Country
Assistance Strategy (CAS), and the Living Standards
Measurement Survey (LSMS) process. Fourth, it supports
ongoing research on formal and informal institutions in the
country that are relevant to poverty, and it identifies as
well, emerging areas of concern. Findings suggest that
poverty in the study sites, developed as a result of a weak
economic base at the beginning of reform (as of 1990),
worsened as the reforms continued and accelerated during the
1997 financial crisis. From household interviews, it is
perceived that the causes of poverty are a result of
unemployment, insufficient and low quality of land, absence
of formal institutions, and marketing mechanisms to support
industrial and agricultural development, and the
government's inability to respond to infrastructure and
basic needs. The study further examines the factors
depressing and/or precluding (sector wide) the potential to
compete, sustain livelihoods, attain employment, and receive
economic and social assistance.
Palabras clave
POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, POVERTY ASSESSMENTS, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY EVALUATION METHODS, POVERTY MEASUREMENT, POVERTY MONITORING, COUNTRY ASSISTANCE STRATEGY, LIVING STANDARDS INDICATORS, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, ECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS, REFORM IMPLEMENTATION, REFORM POLICY, FINANCIAL CRISES, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, LAND CARRYING CAPACITY, LAND PRODUCTIVITY, CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS, MARKETING TECHNIQUES, SECTORAL ASSESSMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE, BASIC NEEDS, SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, COMPETITIVENESS, LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMS, ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, REMITTANCES, MIGRANT WORKERS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, POLICY FORMATION, SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS, SOCIAL SERVICE DELIVERY, LEGAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, DECENTRALIZATION, FISCAL ADMINISTRATION, RESOURCE MOBILIZATION GAPS, INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT, CIVIL SOCIETY, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, COMMUNITY-BASED DEVELOPMENT ABSOLUTE POVERTY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, CASH INCOME, CITIZENS, CIVIL SOCIETY, CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS, CIVIL SOCIETY PARTNERS, CLEAN WATER, COMMUNITY LEADERS, COMMUNITY MEMBERS, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, CORPORATE SECTOR, CORRUPTION, CRIME, DEBT, DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DIRECT INVESTMENT, DISCRIMINATION, DONOR COMMUNITY, ECOLOGY, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMICS, EMIGRATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, ETHNIC GROUP, ETHNIC GROUPS, ETHNIC MINORITIES, EXCHANGE RATE, FAMILIES, FAMILY RELATIONS, FARMING COMMUNITIES, FIELD RESEARCH, FIELD WORK, FINANCIAL CRISES, FISHING, FOREIGN INVESTORS, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FORMAL INSTITUTIONS, GROUP DISCUSSIONS, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSING, HYGIENE, ILLITERACY, IMMIGRATION, IMPORTS, INFLATION, INFORMAL SECTOR, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, LIVING CONDITIONS, LIVING STANDARDS, LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT, LOCAL INSTITUTIONS, LOCAL LEVEL, LOCAL OFFICIALS, MALNUTRITION, MANAGERS, MARKET INSTITUTIONS, MARKETING, MARKETING MECHANISMS, MEDIA, MIGRANTS, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, PARENTS, PARLIAMENT, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLITICAL CONDITIONS, POLITICAL LEADERS, POLITICAL PARTIES, POLITICAL SYSTEM, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POVERTY ASSESSMENT, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTIVITY, PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, QUALITATIVE POVERTY, REDUCING POVERTY, RELIGIOUS GROUPS, RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS, RESEARCH TEAM, RICKETS, RURAL AREAS, SAFETY, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NETS, SCHOOLS, SERVICE SECTOR, SHORT TERM, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL CAPITAL, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL EXCLUSION, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL RESEARCH, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL STUDIES, STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT UNIT, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, TRANSITION PROCESS, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, WASTE, WATER PRICING, WATER RESOURCES, WATER SUPPLY