Rice milling and parboiling trade-offs for economic and nutritional gains with special attention to sub-Saharan Africa: A comprehensive review

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dc.creatorNdindeng, Sali Atanga
dc.creatorTang, Erasmus Nchuaji
dc.creatorTwine, Edgar
dc.creatorTaleon, Victor
dc.creatorFrei, Michael
dc.date2025-12
dc.date2025-09-02T15:24:48Z
dc.date2025-09-02T15:24:48Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T13:19:13Z
dc.descriptionRice is an important source of calories and nutrients for people in low- and middle-income countries. In the quest to respond to consumer preferences and attract premium prices, paddy processors increase the degree of milling (polishing), largely affecting nutritional composition and economic value of milled rice. Milling and parboiling are crucial unit processing operations affecting the quality profile of rice. The literature poorly reports on milling and parboiling operations that provide economic and nutritional gains or losses. Thus, there are no standard milling and parboiling regimes recommended to influence technological and policy changes in favor of public health and nutrition. In this comprehensive review, rice milling and parboiling operations associated with nutritional, economic, food safety and environmental benefits have been presented and discussed. Optimal milling and parboiling strategies that provide nutritional, economic, food safety and environmental gains are proposed as alternatives to conventional processing technologies and practices. Improved parboiling and moderate degree of milling in two-stage systems appear to provide better economic and nutritional benefits.
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/176307
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/56443
dc.languageen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceNdindeng, Sali Atanga; Tang, Erasmus Nchuaji; Twine, Edgar; Taleon, Victor; and Frei, Michael. 2025. Rice milling and parboiling trade-offs for economic and nutritional gains with special attention to sub-Saharan Africa: A comprehensive review. Applied Food Research 5(2): 101274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afres.2025.101274
dc.subjecteconomics
dc.subjectrice
dc.subjectmilling
dc.subjectnutrition security
dc.subjectsustainability
dc.titleRice milling and parboiling trade-offs for economic and nutritional gains with special attention to sub-Saharan Africa: A comprehensive review
dc.typeJournal Article

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