The Effect of Protected Federal Lands on Economic Prosperity in the Non-metropolitan West
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The purpose of the study is to determine whether protected federal lands in the non-metropolitan U.S. West are associated with increased or decreased economic performance. A subset of federal lands managed by the National Park Service, the Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management, or the Fish and Wildlife Service was considered protected and primari-ly managed for conservation. Generalized estimating equations were used to regress ten eco-nomic measures on protected land area while accounting for various confounding factors in-cluding presence of other natural amenities and degree of access to markets. Three economic measures were positively associated with protected public lands: per capita income (2010), growth in per capita income (1990-2010), and growth in per capita investment income (1990-2010). The study finds that, on average, counties with national parks, wilderness, and other forms of protected public lands benefit through increased economic performance.