Poverty Reduction in Egypt : Diagnosis and Strategy, Volume 1. Main Report
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Washington, DC
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The report, the first in an ongoing
program, presents the results of a statistical analysis of
household-level data for the periods 1995/1996, and
1999/2000, as a contribution to the preparation of a
comprehensive poverty reduction strategy in Egypt. Despite
considerable progress towards improving some of the
non-income dimensions of poverty, more needs to be done to
ease poverty. The main findings suggest a changing picture
of poverty in the country, where poverty patterns changed
from the urban-rural divide that had characterized the past,
to a geographical/regional pattern, highlighting the lack of
education as the strongest correlate of poverty. Statistics
show that while inequality rose slightly for Egypt as a
whole, the level was still comparable to other middle income
countries; unemployment was high in urban areas; and, gender
differences in poverty were small at an overall level, but
were significant across regions, particularly in rural
areas. Given the changing, complex picture of poverty in
Egypt, a poverty reduction strategy will have to be
comprehensive, yet flexible, hence, the report suggests a
more sustainable growth in jobs, productivity, and incomes
for the poorest; improved educational opportunities both for
men, and women; reversal of growing, regional disparities in
incomes, opportunities, and services; and, provision of
safety nets that protect the most vulnerable.
Palabras clave
ABSOLUTE POVERTY, ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINES, ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, AGED, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, ANNUAL GROWTH, ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, ANNUAL RATE, ASSESSING POVERTY, AVERAGE LEVEL, BASIC EDUCATION, CASH TRANSFERS, CHILD LABOR, CIVIL SOCIETY, COMMODITY SUBSIDIES, CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, CURRENCY UNIT, DATA COLLECTION, DATA ISSUES, DEVELOPMENT GOALS, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, DEVELOPMENT PROCESS, DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DOMESTIC CREDIT, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC SHOCKS, EDUCATION LEVEL, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EMPLOYMENT, ENROLLMENT RATIO, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPENDITURE GROUP, FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, FOOD BASKET, FOOD POVERTY LINE, FOOD SUBSIDIES, GENDER BIAS, GIRLS, GROWTH DETERMINANTS, GROWTH ELASTICITY, GROWTH RATES, HEALTH STATUS, HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT, ILLITERACY, IMMUNIZATION, IMMUNODEFICIENCY, INCOME COUNTRIES, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME GROUPS, INCOME POVERTY, INDIVIDUAL LEVEL, INEQUALITY, INFLATION RATE, INFORMAL SECTOR, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LIFTING, MALARIA, MALNUTRITION, MANUFACTURING SECTOR, MEAN EXPENDITURES, MEAN GROWTH, MEASLES, MEASURING POVERTY, MORTALITY, MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS, NATIONAL ACCOUNTS, NATIONAL AVERAGE, NATIONAL INCOME, NON-INCOME DIMENSIONS, NON-POOR HOUSEHOLDS, NUTRITION, PARTNERSHIP, PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE, POOR CHILDREN, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR PEOPLE, POVERTY CHANGES, POVERTY GROUP, POVERTY GROUPS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY LINES, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY OUTCOMES, POVERTY PROFILE, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, POVERTY STATUS, POVERTY TARGETING, POVERTY TRENDS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE TRANSFERS, PRO-POOR, PRO-POOR GROWTH, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SERVICES, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, QUALITY OF LIFE, RAPID GROWTH, REDUCING POVERTY, REGIONAL DISPARITIES, REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION, RELATIVE PRICES, RURAL AREAS, SAFETY, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NETS, SECONDARY DATA, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, TARGETING MECHANISMS, TASK TEAM LEADER, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNIVERSITY GRADUATES, URBAN AREAS, WIDOWS, WORKERS, YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT POVERTY ASSESSMENTS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, HOUSEHOLD DATA, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, NON-INCOME DIMENSIONS, POVERTY INCIDENCE, URBAN-RURAL DRIFT, REGIONAL DISPARITY, GEOGRAPHIC VARIABLES, EDUCATION & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION & THE POOR, INEQUITY, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, GENDER DIFFERENCES, RURAL CONDITIONS, JOB CREATION, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS