An improved traditional shrimp culture technique for increasing pond yield
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Shrimp farming has contributed about 5% of world shrimp production of approximately 1.7 m.m.t. in 1980. Statistics have indicated that shrimp supplies from the wild have been levelling off since 1978 largely due to over-fishing in many traditional shrimp fishing grounds. Due to increasing demand, an additional 200,000 m.t. needed by the year 1990 is expected to be largely satisfied through shrimp farming. In 1980, more than 84% of world shrimp production through aquafarming were derived from s even Asian countries of which Southeast Asia contributed approximately 45%. Most of the shrimp farms in the developing nations (80% in Southeast Asia) are still operating on the traditional or extensive method of farming. Such traditional farms (Fig. 1) are characterized by low stocking densities (e.g. 5,000/ha) and hence low yield ranging between 100 to 300 kg/ha/yr, irregular pond size and shape, relatively low technical management inputs as well as comparatively small investment. Because of h igh market price, such traditional practices are still commercially viable to small-scale shrimp growers despite low pond yields. Shrimp yields in ponds can be_increased by application of modern farming techniques such as intensification of culture operation by regularization of pond size, increasing stocking rate, employment of aeration (Fig. 2), application of formulated feed, etc. This will mean a considerable increase of financial and technological inputs, which most small farmers in the d eveloping countries may be able to afford.