Wealth Sharing for Conflict Prevention and Economic Growth : Botswana Case Study of Natural Resource Utilization for Peace and Development
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
World Bank, Washington, DC
Resumen
Descripción
There are countries in Asia, Europe, the
Middle East and even a few such countries in Africa that are
using non-renewable resources to drive development and have
not experienced conflict. South Africa, Namibia, Botswana,
and Zambia are such typical cases in Africa. Instead, the
presence of significant minerals in Botswana is associated
with economic development and democracy as well as peace.
This paper applies the "resource curse", thesis to
the case of Botswana, a country that is rich in minerals,
yet it has realized positive development thus avoiding
conflict and 'the resource curse'. The focus of
this study is to examine the experience of Botswana in using
natural resources to promote equitable development and
thereby avoid conflict which often results from selfish
private or ethnic group interests that elsewhere have used
natural resources to the exclusion of other groups in
society. This study specifically looks at the conditions and
factors that facilitated the absence of internal conflict in
the extraction of natural resources in Botswana. The key
questions answered are: what contextual conditions and
factors facilitated the peaceful extraction of natural
resources in Botswana?; and were these factors unique to
Botswana or can they be replicated elsewhere?. The first
chapter gives introduction. The second chapter deals with
the socio-political setting of the chiefs' rule during
the pre-colonial and colonial periods. The third chapter
discusses Botswana's democracy and how it has evolved
not only to democratize society but also to become a
management culture of good governance for defining how the
natural resources will be utilized for the country's
development. Chapter four outlines the mineral resource base
of Botswana and the policies and strategies used by
government in ensuring that such resources were used for
public good rather than the self-interest of either the
leaders or mining houses. Chapter five focuses attention on
cases of local conflicts relating to mineral and other
natural resources around different parts of the country.
Chapter six brings the issues together to explain
Botswana's democratic and mineral dividends in
attaining a high development success rate. Chapter seven
presents conclusion.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURE, ALLEGIANCE, ALLOCATION, ASBESTOS, ASBESTOS AND MANGANESE, BENEFICIATION, BUDGET DEFICIT, CABINET, CENTRAL BANK, CITIZEN, CITIZENS, COAL, COAL MINE, COAL MINING, COERCION, COLLIERY, CONSTITUENCY, CONSTITUENTS, COPPER, CORPORATION, DEMOCRACY, DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT, DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS, DEMOCRATIC STATE, DEMOCRATIC SYSTEMS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT PLANS, DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DIAMOND MINES, DIAMOND MINING, DIAMONDS, DICTATORSHIP, DISCRIMINATORY LAWS, DIVIDENDS, DRINKING WATER, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC FACTORS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC PROSPERITY, ECONOMIC SITUATION, ELECTION, ELECTIONS, EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION, ETHNIC GROUP, ETHNIC GROUPS, EXCLUSIVE RIGHT, EXPLOITATION OF MINERALS, EXPORTS, FAMILY TIES, FELDSPAR, FISCAL POLICIES, FOREIGN POLICY, FREE MEDIA, GAS, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GOLD, GOOD GOVERNANCE, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, GOVERNMENT SUPPORT, GOVERNOR, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GYPSUM, HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE, HOSPITAL, HUMAN RIGHTS, IDEOLOGY, INCOME, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, JOB CREATION, JOURNALISTS, KAOLIN, LAND TENURE, LAWS, LEGAL STATUS, LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, LEGITIMACY, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT, MAJORITY MEMBERS, MEAT, MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY, MINE OPERATIONS, MINERAL EXPLORATION, MINERAL EXTRACTION, MINERAL RESOURCE, MINERAL RESOURCES, MINERAL REVENUES, MINERAL RIGHTS, MINERAL SECTOR, MINERAL WEALTH, MINERALS, MINERALS INDUSTRY, MINES, MINING AREAS, MINING COMPANY, MINING OPERATIONS, MINING SECTOR, MINORITY, MORTALITY, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN, NATIONAL ECONOMY, NATIONAL INTEREST, NATIONAL RESOURCES, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCE CURSE, NATURAL RESOURCE WEALTH, NATURAL RESOURCES, NDP, NICKEL, NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES, OIL, OWNERSHIP OF MINERALS, PARLIAMENT, PEACE, PER CAPITA INCOME, PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, PLATINUM, PLUTONIUM, POLICY SERIES, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, POLITICAL LEADERSHIP, POLITICAL PARTIES, POLITICAL PARTY, POLITICAL PROCESS, PRECIOUS STONES, PRIME MINISTER, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRESS, PROSPECTING, PUBLIC GOOD, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC SERVICE, QUEEN, RACIAL DISCRIMINATION, RACIAL INEQUALITIES, RECESSION, REFORM EFFORT, RENEWABLE RESOURCES, REPRESENTATIVES, REPUBLIC, RESERVE, RESOURCE BASE, RESOURCE CURSE, RESOURCE DEPENDENCE, RESOURCE SCARCITY, REVENUE SHARING, RULE OF LAW, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SALT, SAND, SHAFTS, SHORT SUPPLY, SILVER, SKILLED LABOUR, SMALL MINE, SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, SOCIAL JUSTICE, SOCIAL STRUCTURE, SODA ASH, STATE POLICY, STATE POWER, TALC, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, URANIUM, VICTIMS, WEALTH, WOMAN, ZINC