Chalkbrood and stonebrood
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Chalkbrood and Stonebrood are fungal diseases of honeybees (Apis mellifera) that occur worldwide. Chalkbrood is caused by Ascosphaera apis and affects the brood. Stonebrood is caused by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus and affects both the brood and adult bees. This practice describes the causes and symptoms of Chalkbrood and Stonebrood, how they spread, how to address and prevent these diseases.