Export Commodity Production and Broad-Based Rural Development: Coffee and Cocoa in the Dominican Republic
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World Bank, Washington, D.C.
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An estimated 80,000-100,000 Dominican
farmers produce coffee and cocoa, nearly 40 percent of all
agricultural producers. The sectors also provide employment
for tens of thousands of field laborers and persons employed
in linked economic activities. The majority of coffee and
cocoa producers are small-scale and most are located in
environmentally sensitive watersheds. Recent trends in
international commodity markets have challenged the survival
of both sectors. Production is characterized by low yields
and uneven quality, while periodic hurricanes have
contributed to a lackluster and unstable record of output
and exports. Despite these conditions, most experts
acknowledge the fact that appropriate agro-ecological
conditions exist in Dominican Republic for production of
high-quality coffee and cocoa. To be competitive and
sustainable, some changes must take place in the coffee and
cocoa sectors. The objective of this study is to provide an
overview of the coffee and cocoa sectors, to identify major
problems, and to suggest possible strategies to deal with
these problems. The authors conclude that if the objectives
of the government are poverty reduction, environmental
protection and overall well-being of rural society, it is
critical to move beyond a commodity-specific approach to a
broader rural development focus on households, regions and
environments where coffee and cocoa are currently being grown.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTING, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURE, ARABLE LAND, BANKING SYSTEM, BANKING SYSTEMS, BEANS, CACAO, CENTRAL AMERICA, CENTRAL BANK, CLEARINGHOUSE, COCOA, COCOA BEANS, COCOA PRICES, COCONUTS, COFFEE, COFFEE BEANS, COFFEE GROWERS, COFFEE PRICES, COMMERCIAL BANKS, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSOLIDATION, COOPERATIVES, CREDIT POLICIES, CREDIT RATIONING, CREDIT RISK, CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT, CREDIT UNIONS, CROP INSURANCE, CROP INSURANCE SCHEME, CURRENT PRICES, DEREGULATION, DEVALUATION, DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES, DEVELOPMENT BANKS, DISEASES, ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, ECOLOGY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC SECTORS, EMPLOYMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATES, EXPORT CROPS, EXPORTS, FARMERS, FARMS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FISCAL POLICY, FOOD PRICES, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FORESTRY, FULL EMPLOYMENT, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROWTH RATE, HARVESTING, HORTICULTURAL CROPS, HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS, HUMAN CAPITAL, IMPORT QUOTAS, IMPORTS, INCOME, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOMES, INFLATION, INFLATION RATES, INSURANCE, INTEREST RATE, INTEREST RATES, IRRIGATION, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKETS, LATIN AMERICAN, LIVESTOCK, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS, LOW INCOME, MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, MARKET PRICES, MARKETING, MELONS, MICROFINANCE, MIGRATION, MONETARY POLICIES, NGOS, ORANGES, OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE, PERENNIAL CROPS, PESTS, PLANTATIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POPULATION GROWTH, PRICE DECLINES, PRIVATE BANKING, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCE, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION QUANTITIES, PRODUCTIVITY, PROFITABILITY, PRUDENTIAL REGULATIONS, REAL PRICES, RICE, RICE PRODUCTION, RISK MANAGEMENT, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL INCOME, RURAL POVERTY, SAVINGS, SUBSIDIARY, SUGAR, SUPERVISORY AUTHORITIES, TAXATION, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TOBACCO, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRANSACTIONS COSTS, TRANSPORT, TREE CROPS, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBANIZATION, WAGES, WORKING CAPITAL, YIELDS