An Unfair Start
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World Bank, Jakarta
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Despite rapid economic growth,
inequality is increasing in Indonesia. After recovering from
the Asian financial crisis in 1997/98, Indonesias real GDP
per capita grew at an annual average of 5.4 percent between
2000 and 2014. This robust rate of growth helped to halve
the poverty rate from 23.4 percent during the crisis down to
11.2 percent by 2015. However, between 2003 and 2010,
consumption per person for the richest 10 percent of
Indonesians grew at over 6 percent per year after adjusting
for inflation, while for the poorest 40 percent it grew by
less than 2 percent per year. This disparity in consumption
between different income levels has, in turn, given rise to
a sharp increase in the Gini coefficient over the past 15
years, increasing from 30 in 2000 to 41 in 2013.
Palabras clave
SANITATION, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE, TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, RISKS, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, SOCIALIZATION, PEOPLE, INCOME, SCHOOLING, POVERTY INDICES, POVERTY RATES, TREND, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH CARE, HOUSING, HEALTH, NATIONAL POVERTY, SUBSIDY, POORER HOUSEHOLDS, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, WEALTH, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, VULNERABILITY, CONFLICT, MEASURES, HEALTH FACILITIES, POVERTY MEASURES, ACCESS TO RUNNING WATER, TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC HEALTH, REGION, DRIVERS, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, MATERNAL MORTALITY, POVERTY REDUCTION, KNOWLEDGE, CLEAN DRINKING WATER, ROAD, CROP PRODUCTION, COSTS, DEVELOPMENT PLANNING, IMMUNIZATION, TRANSPORT, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, INTERVENTION, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, FOOD PRICE, INCOME INEQUALITY, HEALTH CENTERS, DEMOCRACY, MOBILITY, POOR EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, ACCESS TO TRANSPORTATION, POOR HEALTH, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, CONSUMPTION POVERTY, NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE, PRIMARY SCHOOL, DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, MORTALITY, REGIONAL DISPARITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, TAXES, PRIMARY SCHOOLS, ACCESS TO SCHOOLS, CHILDBIRTH, POVERTY LINES, CONSUMPTION, TRAVEL, TRANSPORTATION, PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS, CLIMATE CHANGE, POLICIES, POVERTY INDEX, EQUAL ACCESS, AGED, RUNNING WATER, FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, POVERTY MEASUREMENT, SOCIAL POLICY, ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL ACCESS, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EQUITY OF OPPORTUNITY, MALNUTRITION, RURAL, MEASUREMENT, NUTRITION, RURAL DIFFERENCES, POLICY, QUALITY OF LIFE, BRIDGE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, ROADS, INSURANCE, ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, WEIGHT, TARGETING, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, CHILDREN, REGIONS, DRINKING WATER, CLINICS, ACCESS TO SERVICES, RURAL AREAS, POVERTY, CLEAN WATER, CAPITAL REGION, RATE OF GROWTH, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, NATIONAL COUNCIL, POPULATION, POLIO, POOR LIVING, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, RURAL DISTRICT, POVERTY RATE, POOR, INCOME QUINTILE, HOSPITALS, POVERTY ASSESSMENTS, PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, REMOTE AREAS, BIRTH ATTENDANT, TRANSPORTATION SERVICES, POVERTY ANALYSIS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INEQUALITY, SANITATION FACILITIES, POOR HOUSEHOLDS