DR-CAFTA and the Environment

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dc.creatorMani, Muthukumara
dc.creatorCunha, Barbara
dc.date2012-03-19T18:05:07Z
dc.date2012-03-19T18:05:07Z
dc.date2011-10-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:00:15Z
dc.descriptionThe Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement with the United States aims to create a free trade zone for economic development. The Agreement is expected to intensify commerce and investment among the participating countries. This paper analyzes the changes in the production and trading patterns in 2-digit manufacturing sectors with the goal of understanding the short-term environmental implications of the Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement. More specifically, the paper addresses the questions: Did pollution increase in the period after the Agreement negotiations? Did trade and production shift toward pollution intensive factors? The results suggest an increase in pollution emissions in the post-negotiations period. The increase in emissions is mainly attributable to scale effects. Composition effects are small and in some cases (including Nicaragua and Honduras) favoring cleaner industries and partially compensating the pollution gains from output and export growth.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20111004151319
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3590
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5826
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/414100
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relationPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5826
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectABATEMENT
dc.subjectABATEMENT COSTS
dc.subjectACCESS TO INFORMATION
dc.subjectAGGREGATE ANALYSIS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTANTS
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectANNUAL EMISSIONS
dc.subjectAVERAGE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectBIODIVERSITY
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectCARBON EMISSIONS
dc.subjectCENTRAL BANK
dc.subjectCLEAN INDUSTRIES
dc.subjectCLEANER TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectCLEANER TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCOAL
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectCOMMON PROPERTY
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subjectCONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectCOST STRUCTURE
dc.subjectCRITICAL SURVEY
dc.subjectDECENTRALIZATION
dc.subjectDEFORESTATION
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDIRTY INDUSTRY
dc.subjectDOMESTIC ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
dc.subjectECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC ANALYSIS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC RESEARCH
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectECONOMICS RESEARCH
dc.subjectEFFECTS OF POLLUTION
dc.subjectEMISSIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS GROWTH
dc.subjectEMISSIONS LEVELS
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL BASIS
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL STUDIES
dc.subjectENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL AGENCIES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL REFORMS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL REGIMES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL RISK
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTS
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectEXPORT GROWTH
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectFACTORS OF PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INTEGRATION
dc.subjectFIXED EFFECTS
dc.subjectFOOD PRODUCTS
dc.subjectFOREIGN COMPETITION
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREST RESOURCES
dc.subjectFORESTRY
dc.subjectFORMAL ANALYSIS
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectFREE TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subjectFUTURE RESEARCH
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectHIGH LEVELS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINCOMES
dc.subjectINCREASING RETURNS
dc.subjectINCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
dc.subjectINDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectINFORMATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectINFORMATION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectIRON
dc.subjectLAND USE
dc.subjectLEGAL FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectLEVEL OF EMISSIONS
dc.subjectLIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
dc.subjectMETAL
dc.subjectMETALS
dc.subjectMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRY
dc.subjectMINES
dc.subjectNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectNATIONAL INCOME
dc.subjectNATURAL ENDOWMENTS
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCE
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNITROGEN OXIDE
dc.subjectOUTPUT
dc.subjectOUTPUTS
dc.subjectPASTURES
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPOLLUTANTS
dc.subjectPOLLUTION
dc.subjectPOLLUTION ABATEMENT
dc.subjectPOLLUTION HAVENS
dc.subjectPOLLUTION INTENSITY
dc.subjectPOLLUTION LEVELS
dc.subjectPOLLUTION PREVENTION
dc.subjectPOLLUTION PROBLEMS
dc.subjectPOLLUTION REGULATIONS
dc.subjectPOTABLE WATER
dc.subjectPOWER PARITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTION STRUCTURE
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVE RESOURCES
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectPROTECTED AREAS
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICY
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectREGRESSION ANALYSIS
dc.subjectREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTS
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
dc.subjectREGULATORY GAPS
dc.subjectREGULATORY REGIME
dc.subjectREGULATORY REGIMES
dc.subjectREMOTE SENSING
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectRESOURCE MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectRETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subjectSCALE EFFECT
dc.subjectSCALE EFFECTS
dc.subjectSHARE OF CAPITAL
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectSOCIAL PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectSOLID WASTES
dc.subjectSULFUR DIOXIDE
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE FORESTRY
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES
dc.subjectTOTAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectTOXIC SUBSTANCES
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADING BLOCS
dc.subjectTREATIES
dc.subjectURUGUAY ROUND
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWASTE
dc.subjectWASTE MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectWATER POLLUTION
dc.subjectWATER RESOURCES
dc.subjectWORLD ECONOMY
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.titleDR-CAFTA and the Environment

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