Small-Scale Industry, Environmental Regulation, and Poverty : The Case of Brazil
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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Governments and international
development agencies have intensified efforts to promote
small-scale enterprises as an engine of pro-poor growth. In
Brazil, however, small scale industries may also be
responsible for the bulk of air pollution emissions.
Although employees of polluting small-scale industries in
Brazil are not disproportionately poor, simulations suggest
that stringent environmental regulation resulting in
widespread closures of pollution-intensive small-scale
industries would result in a non-negligible increase in
poverty among employees of these firms. The results suggest
that the enthusiasm for small-scale enterprises needs to be
tempered by awareness of the potential environmental costs
imposed by this sector.
Palabras clave
AGGREGATE DEMAND, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, AIR, AIR POLLUTANTS, AIR POLLUTION, BUSINESS CLIMATE, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS, CARBON, CARBON MONOXIDE, CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES, COMMON PROPERTY, CONSTRUCTION, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, DEFORESTATION, DISADVANTAGED GROUPS, DOUBLE DIVIDEND, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMICS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EFFECTIVE STRATEGY, EMISSIONS, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTS, EQUILIBRIUM, FISHING, FOOD BASKET, FOOD ITEMS, FORESTRY, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HIGH LEVELS, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN HEALTH, IMPACT ON POVERTY, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME, INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT, INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES, INDUSTRIAL SECTOR, INFORMAL SECTOR, INFORMAL SECTOR EMPLOYMENT, INPUT PRICES, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, IRON, LABOR MARKETS, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, NITROGEN OXIDES, OVERGRAZING, PARTICULATE MATTER, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLLUTERS, POLLUTION COEFFICIENTS, POLLUTION CONTROL, POLLUTION REGULATION, POOR, POOR PEOPLE, POVERTY GAP, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY LEVELS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY PROFILE, POVERTY RATES, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCTION PROCESS, REDUCING EMISSIONS, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, SHADOW PRICES, SMALL BUSINESS, SMALL ENTERPRISES, SMALL FIRMS, SMALL-SCALE, SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRIES, SULFUR DIOXIDE, TARGETING, TRADEOFFS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, URBAN AREAS, WAGES, WATER POLLUTION