Peszko, GrzegorzArtuykhina, GalinaVan den Berg, KatelijnEleuova, KargylashHildrews, JimInuytin, SergeyKireyev, MadiKrzyżanowski, PiotrVan Woerden, Frank2026-07-01http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/417172Revival and development of the petrochemical industry in Kazakhstan is possible without serious damage to the environment, so long as measures by investors in plant revival include best available techniques (BATs) that avoid and minimize impact on the environment as a whole.This study was initiated to develop methodologies to analyze and mitigate key environmental and natural resource aspects of industrial growth and to propose ways to integrate these methodologies into policy tools. The emerging petrochemical industry was selected to demonstrate how methodology can be applied. The report is structured as two interrelated tools: Technical guidelines (chapters two and three) focus on (i) an analysis of availability of environmental resources in different oblasts; and (ii) references to internationally BATs in the production of polymers. These techniques avoid and minimize impact on the environment as a whole. Policy guidelines (chapters four and five) focus on policy instruments which would encourage plant developers to apply the best available techniques when developing potentially hazardous industrial production in Kazakhstan.application/pdftext/plainCC BY 3.0 IGOhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/World BankABSACCIDENTAL POLLUTIONAGRICULTURAL WATERAIRAIR EMISSIONSAIR POLLUTANTSAIR POLLUTIONAIR QUALITYAIR QUALITY MONITORINGALUMINUMASHATMOSPHEREBACKWASHINGBENZENEBURNING TIRESBUTANECADMIUMCALCULATIONCATALYSTSCHARCOAL PRODUCTIONCHEMICAL INDUSTRYCHEMICAL PLANTSCHEMICAL PROCESSESCHLORINECLEAN AIRCLEAN WATERCLEANER AIRCLIMATECOCOALCOMPLIANCE ASSURANCECONCENTRATION LEVELSCONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTSCONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION MATERIALSCONSUMER GOODSCONVEYOR BELTSCOOLINGCRUDE OILDECISION MAKINGDUSTECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC IMPACTSEMISSIONEMISSION FACTORSEMISSION FEESEMISSION INTENSITYEMISSION LIMITEMISSION TRENDSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS DATAEMISSIONS LEVELSEMISSIONS OF AIREMISSIONS TRENDSENVIRONMENT AGENCYENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL AGENCYENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONSENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLSENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGEENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGESENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATIONENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL MONITORINGENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCEENVIRONMENTAL POLICIESENVIRONMENTAL POLICYENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICESENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMSENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL QUALITYENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDSENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONSENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTSENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCESENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDSETHANEETHYLENEEXPOSURE TO POLLUTIONFILTERSFINE PARTICLESFISHERIESFORMALDEHYDEFRESH WATERFRESHWATER RESOURCESGASGASESGROUNDWATERGROUNDWATER RESOURCESGROUNDWATER SOURCESHARMFUL SUBSTANCESHAZARDOUS WASTEHAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENTHAZARDOUS WASTE STORAGEHAZARDOUS WASTESHEALTH DAMAGESHEALTH RISKSHEAVY METALSHISTORICAL EMISSIONSHUMAN HEALTHHYDROCARBON EMISSIONSHYDROCARBONSINCINERATIONINDUSTRIAL FACILITIESINDUSTRIAL PLANTSINDUSTRIAL POLLUTIONINDUSTRIAL PROCESSESINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIONINDUSTRIAL SITESINDUSTRIAL WASTEINDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERINDUSTRIAL WATERIRRIGATIONLANDFILLSLEVELS OF EMISSIONSLIMELIQUID WASTESMARKET PRICESMERCURYMETALMETHANOLNATURAL GASNATURAL GAS PROCESSINGNEGATIVE IMPACTSNITROGENNO2NOXOILOIL PRODUCTSOIL REFINERIESOIL SECTORORGANIC SOLVENTSOXYGENPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPEPERVERSE INCENTIVESPETROCHEMICALPETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRYPETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTSPETROCHEMICALSPLANT DESIGNPLANT OPERATIONSPLASTIC PIPESPLASTICSPM10POLICY INSTRUMENTSPOLICY MAKERSPOLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONSPOLLUTION PREVENTIONPOLYETHYLENEPOLYMERIZATIONPOLYMERSPOLYPROPYLENEPOLYSTYRENEPONDPONDSPPPRODUCTION COSTSPRODUCTION OUTPUTPRODUCTION PROCESSPRODUCTION PROCESSESPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGYPROPANEPYROLYSISQUALITY STANDARDSQUALITY WATERRADIOACTIVE WASTEREAGENTSRECEIVING WATERSRECYCLINGRESOURCE USERISK ASSESSMENTRIVERSRUNOFFSANITATIONSEAWATERSLUDGESO2SOIL POLLUTIONSOLID WASTESOLVENTSOLVENTSSTATIONARY SOURCESSTORM WATERSULFURSULPHURSURFACE WATERSURFACE WATERSSUSPENDED DUSTSUSPENDED PARTICLESSUSPENDED SOLIDSTEMPERATURETOTAL EMISSIONSTOXICITYVOCVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDSWASHINGWASTE DISPOSALWASTE MANAGEMENTWASTE PRODUCTIONWASTE TREATMENTWASTEWATERWASTEWATER DISCHARGEWASTEWATER TREATMENTWASTEWATERSWATER AVAILABILITYWATER BODIESWATER CONSUMPTIONWATER POLLUTANTSWATER POLLUTIONWATER QUALITYWATER SCARCITYWATER SUPPLY