2026-07-01http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/411045Europe’s population is growing older. People are living longer and healthier lives. Wealthier European Union (EU) countries have enjoyed near‐universal access to better health care and seen public health promotion and lifestyle changes that have reduced the morbidity and mortality due to heart disease, an effort known as the “cardiovascular revolution”. As a result the EU‐15 countries enjoy an average life expectancy of 81 years. At the same time, EU‐15 countries have also witnessed a drop in fertility since the 1970s, though recently fertility has stabilized or reincreased in a number of countries.application/pdftext/plainCC BY 3.0 IGOhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/World BankUNITED NATIONS POPULATION DIVISIONCAREGIVERSRISKSSOCIAL NORMSWORKFORCEECONOMIC GROWTHFORMAL EDUCATIONPERSONALITYINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONPEOPLEOLD AGESKILLED WORKERSSPOUSEPSYCHOLOGYPOLICY FRAMEWORKPREVENTIONRESEARCH PROGRAMMORBIDITYHOME CARESOCIAL WORKAGING POPULATIONSLABOR FORCECHILD‐REARINGHEALTH CAREIMMIGRANTSDEMOGRAPHIC FACTORSDEATHAGING POPULATIONSUNITED NATIONS’ POPULATION DIVISIONFAMILY MEMBERSHEALTHHIGH BLOOD PRESSURELEVELS OF FERTILITYFUTURE GENERATIONSVULNERABILITYCHANGE IN POPULATIONINTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATIONPUBLIC HEALTHLIFE EXPECTANCYSPOUSESCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESKNOWLEDGEDISABILITIESPOLICY RESPONSEDIABETESLABOR MARKETWORKPLACELOW‐FERTILITYDISEASESGENDER GAPOCCUPATIONAL HEALTHQUALITY OF EDUCATIONTRAININGPOPULATION STRUCTUREPATIENTSPATIENTPOPULATION CHANGESMOKINGPUBLIC SUPPORTPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION DIVISIONFERTILITY RATESHEALTH SYSTEMSAGE POPULATIONSOUTPATIENT CAREAGINGMIGRATIONFERTILITY RATEHEALTH OUTCOMESPOOR HEALTHHIGH BLOOD PRESSUREDISSEMINATIONSOCIAL SECURITYMENTAL HEALTHDEPENDENCY RATIODEPENDENCY RATIOSPRIMARY SCHOOLSCREENINGMIGRANTSSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTINTERVIEWMENTAL HEALTHMORTALITYHEALTH PROMOTIONELDERLYQUALITY OF LIFEPROGRESSPEOPLE WITH DISABILITIESMIGRATION FLOWSINFORMATION CAMPAIGNSUNEMPLOYMENTCHILDBIRTHMALE MORTALITYHUMAN CAPITALOLDER PEOPLEEXCESS MORTALITYINCOME SECURITYWORKERSPOLICIESAGEDSOCIAL SERVICESPOPULATION STUDIESIMMIGRATION POLICYOLDER AGE GROUPSWOMANELDERLY CARELIFESTYLELIFE EXPECTANCYPENSIONSLIFELONG LEARNINGHEALTH POLICYSOCIAL POLICYDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGEHEALTH OUTCOMESSOCIAL ISOLATIONUNIVERSAL ACCESSHEALTHY—LIFECHANGES IN FERTILITYUNEMPLOYED PEOPLEFEWER CHILDRENELDERLY CAREEARLY CHILDHOODHEALTH POLICYDISADVANTAGED GROUPSRISK FACTORSCOGNITIVE FUNCTIONSPOPULATIONSMALE PARTICIPATIONYOUNG CHILDRENSICK LEAVEADOLESCENTSELDERLY PEOPLEPOLICYQUALITY OF LIFEPRIMARY HEALTH CARECITIZENSRISK FACTORSYOUNG AGESOLDER PEOPLECHILDREN PER WOMANOUTPATIENT CAREWEIGHTCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESDECLINES IN FERTILITYPARTICIPATION OF WOMENCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESCHILDRENELDERLY PEOPLEWORKING CONDITIONSWARPOPULATION PROJECTIONSHEALTH SERVICESISOLATIONFEMALE LABOR FORCEFEWER PEOPLEIMMIGRATIONOLD‐AGEDISABILITYCIRCULATORY SYSTEMHEALTH CAREYOUNG PEOPLELOWER FERTILITYPOPULATIONCIRCULATORY SYSTEMINFORMATION CAMPAIGNSLABOR SUPPLYLIVING CONDITIONSRESEARCH PROGRAMCOGNITIVE FUNCTIONSLOW FERTILITYPRIMARY EDUCATIONFERTILITYEPIDEMIOLOGYPUBLIC HEALTHOLDER ADULTSREGISTRATIONFAMILIESWOMENREMITTANCESHEALTHY LIFEHOSPITALSLABOR MARKETSHEALTH SERVICESIMPLEMENTATIONSOCIAL SERVICESDEMANDS ON WOMENNURSINGNURSING HOMESHEALTH PROMOTIONReport