2026-06-27http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/102129Export barriers (or controls) can take a variety of forms -such as prohibitions, taxes, quotas or licenses, among others- and have been applied to industrial and agricultural products, both by developed and developing countries, while pursuing economic and non-economic goals. When both the Havana Charter - legal instrument intended to establish the International Trade Organization37- and the General Agreement on Customs Tariffs and Trade - GATT - were negotiated, measures of this type were not a major issue of concern.application/pdfOpen Accessexportscovid-19gattagricultural policiessustainabilitytrade barriersmarket accesswtotradefood securityinternational tradeconferencesBook Chapter