2026-07-01http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/412061Management of the primary education system in Madagascar follows a centralized model, supported by de-concentrated services. Education is divided into (a) preschool, (b) 5 years of primary education, (c) 4 years of lower secondary, (d) 3 years of upper secondary, and (e) higher education. An important feature of the Malagasy education system is the relatively well developed framework for school-based management. The school management committees (FAFs, Fiaraha-miombon’Antoka ho amin’ny Fampandrosoana ny sekoly) consist of parents, teachers, the school director, and representatives from the local community. They have been in existence in each school since 2002, when the government started providing annual grants to schools on a per capita basis to cover part of schools’ operating expenses. The FAFs are responsible for managing these grants, and play a critical role in improving accountability of service delivery and promoting community engagement and social dialogue among local stakeholders. The FAFs are also increasingly participating in the financing of school operations, including hiring and paying community teachers and financing basic supplies. Trends in contributions from school committees in the financing of education are examined in details later in the paper.application/pdftext/plainCC BY 3.0 IGOhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/World BankSKILLSEDUCATION STRATEGYANNUAL GRANTSTEACHING FORCEPRIMARY TEACHERSTEACHERSYOUTH LITERACYDROPOUT RATESCHOOLINGPUPIL-CLASSROOM RATIOSENROLLMENTENROLLMENT RATIOSCHOOL ENROLLMENTSCHOOL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEESATTENDANCE RATESGROUPSPRIMARY SCHOOL-AGED CHILDRENLEARNING ACHIEVEMENTHIGH SCHOOLPRIMARY CYCLESCHOOL DROPOUTSGROSS ENROLLMENT RATIOEDUCATION OUTCOMESCLASSROOM RATIOHIGHER EDUCATIONGENERAL EDUCATIONEDUCATION EXPENDITURESINSTRUCTIONAL TIMELEARNING ACHIEVEMENTSLEARNING MATERIALSTRAINING PROGRAMSLITERACY RATESCOMPLETION RATEEXAMSTRAINING CENTERSLITERACYTEXTBOOKSEDUCATION SECTOREDUCATION EXPENDITUREKNOWLEDGELITERACY RATEEDUCATION FOR ALLCOMPLETION RATESLEARNING MATERIALQUALITY OF EDUCATIONTRAININGSCHOOL CALENDARTEACHER TRAININGPRIMARY ENROLLMENTPRIVATE SCHOOLSSCHOOL CONSTRUCTIONPRIMARY COMPLETION RATESECONDARY SCHOOLPRESCHOOL ENROLLMENTENROLLMENT FOR CHILDRENEDUCATION BUDGETLEARNINGFORMAL TRAININGEDUCATION SYSTEMPRIMARY SCHOOLENROLLMENT FIGURESTEACHINGGROSS ENROLLMENTPRIMARY COMPLETION RATESPUPIL- CLASSROOM RATIOSENROLLMENT RATIOSEDUCATION SPENDINGPRIMARY SCHOOLSSCHOOL MANAGEMENTCLASS REPETITIONCOSTS OF EDUCATIONGROSS ENROLLMENT RATIOSVOCATIONAL TRAININGINVESTMENT IN EDUCATIONPRIMARY COMPLETIONENROLLMENT RATESPUPIL-CLASSROOM RATIOSCHOOL FEESTEACHING AIDSVALUESPUBLIC EXPENDITURESCHOOLSCURRICULALEARNING OUTCOMESENROLLMENT RATECOMMUNITY TEACHERSAGE GROUPSTEXTBOOKSCHOOL CANTEENSGERPRIVATE EDUCATIONYOUTHNATIONAL EDUCATIONSCHOOL CHILDRENPUBLIC EDUCATION SPENDINGSCHOOL FURNITUREQUALIFIED TEACHERSNUTRITIONTEACHERCOST PER CHILDGROSS ENROLLMENT RATECHILDRENLEVEL OF EDUCATIONQUALITY EDUCATIONCOST PER STUDENTEDUCATIONINVESTMENTSCHOOL OPERATIONSRURAL AREASBASIC SKILLSPRIMARY EDUCATION SYSTEMPUPIL SPENDINGTRAINING OF TEACHERSSTUDENT LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTSCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMSGIRLSPUBLIC SCHOOLPUBLIC SCHOOLSSTUDENTSLEADERSHIPINTERVENTIONSACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATIONSCHOOL AGE CHILDRENFEESPRIMARY EDUCATIONEDUCATION ADMINISTRATIONCLASSROOMCLASSROOMSSCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENTATTENDANCE RATEREGULAR TEACHERSSTUDENT LEARNINGGENDER EQUALITYSCHOOL COMMITTEESSCHOOL AGEOUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDRENPRIVATE EXPENDITUREReport