2026-06-27http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/107211There is little evidence on how energy poverty affects rural households in low- and middle-income countries. To address this, the CGIAR NEXUS Gains Initiative developed the Rural Household Energy Insecurity Experiences Scale (RHEIES) and piloted the tool in Ethiopia using in-depth interviews. We find heterogeneous energy insecurity experiences across locations and gender dimensions.application/pdfOpen Accessrural populationhouseholdsenergy resourcespovertyeconomic developmentBrief