2026-07-01http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/411301This review highlights three main findings. First, school feeding programs in low-income countries exhibit large variation in cost, with concomitant opportunities for cost containment. Second, as countries get richer, school feeding costs become a much smaller proportion of the investment in education. For example, in Zambia the cost of school feeding is about 50 percent of annual per capita costs for primary education; in Ireland it is only 10 percent. Further analysis is required to define these relationships, but supporting countries to maintain an investment in school feeding through this transition may emerge as a key role for development partners. Third, the main preconditions for the transition to sustainable national programs are mainstreaming school feeding in national policies and plans, especially education sector plans; identifying national sources of financing; and expanding national implementation capacity. Mainstreaming a development policy for school feeding into national education sector plans offers the added advantage of aligning support for school feeding with the processes already established to harmonize development partner support for the education for all-fast track initiative.application/pdftext/plainapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfCC BY 3.0 IGOhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igoWorld BankACCESS TO EDUCATIONACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICSADMINISTRATIVE COSTSANEMIAARITHMETIC SCORESASSISTANCE PROGRAMSATTENDANCE OF CHILDRENATTENDANCE RATESAVAILABILITY OF FOODAVAILABILITY OF TEXTBOOKSBARRIERS TO EDUCATIONBASIC EDUCATIONBENEFICIARIESBENEFICIARYBILHARZIABLENDED FOODSCAROTENECASH TRANSFERCASH TRANSFER PROGRAMSCASH TRANSFERSCHILD ALLOWANCESCHILD GROWTHCHILD LABORCHILD NUTRITIONCOGNITIVE FUNCTIONCOGNITIVE PERFORMANCECOMMUNITY SCHOOLSCOMPLETION RATESCONDITIONAL CASHCONFLICTCOOKINGDIARRHEADIETDIETARY ENERGYDISADVANTAGED CHILDRENDONOR SUPPORTDROPOUT RATEDROPOUT RATESDRY RATIONSEARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC CRISISECONOMIC GROWTHEDUCATION FOR ALLEDUCATION GOALSEDUCATION OUTCOMESEDUCATION POLICYEDUCATION SERVICESEDUCATIONAL ACCESSEDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL BENEFITSEDUCATIONAL COSTSEDUCATIONAL OUTCOMESEDUCATORSELEMENTARY SCHOOLSEMERGENCY SITUATIONSENROLLMENT OF BOYSENROLLMENT OF GIRLSENROLLMENT RATESEQUITABLE ACCESSFEMALE STUDENTSFINANCIAL CRISESFINANCIAL CRISISFIRST GRADEFLOURFOOD PREPARATIONFOOD PRICESFOOD PRODUCTIONFOOD PROGRAMSFOOD QUALITYFOOD RESOURCESFOOD SECURITYFORMAL EDUCATIONFORTIFIED FOODSFREE FOODGENDER DIMENSIONSGENDER EQUITYGENDER EQUITY IN EDUCATIONHEALTH CAREHEALTH INTERVENTIONSHEALTH ORGANIZATIONHEALTH PROGRAMSHIGH DROPOUTHIGHER GRADESHOME RATIONSHORIZONTAL EQUITYHOUSEHOLD BENEFITHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENTHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUNGERHYGIENEIMPROVEMENT IN LITERACYINCENTIVE SCHEMESINCOMEINCOME SHOCKSINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICYINVESTMENT IN EDUCATIONINVOLVEMENT OF TEACHERSIODINEIRONIRON DEFICIENCYIRON SUPPLEMENTSLEARNINGLEVEL OF EDUCATIONMALNOURISHED CHILDRENMALNUTRITIONMATERNAL NUTRITIONMEATMETABOLISMMICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIESMICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCYMICRONUTRIENT FORTIFICATIONMICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATIONMICRONUTRIENTSMINERALSNATIONAL EDUCATIONNATIONAL SCHOOLNEEDY CHILDRENNET ENROLLMENTNUMBER OF CHILDRENNUMBER OF STUDENTSNUTRIENTNUTRITION EDUCATIONNUTRITION INTERVENTIONNUTRITION INTERVENTIONSNUTRITION POLICIESNUTRITION PROGRAMSNUTRITION SERVICESNUTRITIONAL BENEFITSNUTRITIONAL DEFICITSNUTRITIONAL STATUSNUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTATIONOLDER CHILDRENPARTICIPATION OF CHILDRENPOORPOOR NUTRITIONPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRIMARY COMPLETIONPRIMARY COMPLETION RATEPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY GRADEPRIMARY GRADESPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETIONPRIMARY SCHOOLSPROCESSED FOODSPROVISION OF FOODPURCHASING POWERQUALITY EDUCATIONQUALITY OF EDUCATIONREADINGREPEATERSRETENTION RATESRICESAFETY NETSAFETY NET PROGRAMSSCHOOL AGESCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOL BREAKFASTSCHOOL CANTEENSSCHOOL CHILDRENSCHOOL COMPLETIONSCHOOL DAYSCHOOL ENROLLMENTSCHOOL ENTRYSCHOOL ENVIRONMENTSCHOOL FACILITIESSCHOOL FEEDINGSCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMSSCHOOL FEESSCHOOL GARDENSSCHOOL HEALTHSCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURESCHOOL LEVELSCHOOL MANAGEMENTSCHOOL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEESCHOOL MEALSCHOOL MEALSSCHOOL PARTICIPATIONSCHOOL PERFORMANCESCHOOL SNACKSSCHOOL YEARSCHOOL-AGESCHOOL-AGE CHILDSCHOOL-AGE CHILDRENSCHOOLCHILDRENSCHOOLINGSCHOOLSSECONDARY SCHOOLSSITE FEEDINGSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL BENEFITSSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL PENSIONSSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SAFETY NETSOCIAL SAFETY NETSSPECIAL NEEDSSTUDENT LEARNINGTARGETED TRANSFERSTARGETINGTEACHERTEACHINGTRANSFER PROGRAMUNIVERSAL COVERAGEVERTICAL EQUITYVITAMINVITAMIN AVITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATIONVITAMINSVULNERABLE CHILDRENVULNERABLE GROUPSWORLD FOOD PROGRAMME