2026-07-01http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/415985Since 1990 migration flows from Albania have been massive, relative to the size of the country and its population, but they have also fluctuated over time. This paper presents and discusses various descriptive trends, mainly in graphical form. The data come from the Albanian Living Standards Measurement Survey, 2005 round, and cover the period 1990-2004. The resulting observed trends reflect changing push and pull factors in Albania and the two main host countries, Greece and Italy. The paper also presents a hazard approach to modeling Albanian emigration and return migration. This analysis highlights, among other things, the relevance of networks in Albanian migration dynamics, both to promote emigration and to delay return.application/pdftext/plainCC BY 3.0 IGOhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/World BankBIOMEDICAL RESEARCHBORDERSBRAIN DRAINBRAIN GAINCHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRANTSCOUNTRY OF DESTINATIONCOUNTRY OF ORIGINDEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICSDEPENDENCY RATIODETERMINANTS OF MIGRATIONEDUCATED MIGRANTSEDUCATED PEOPLEEMIGRANTSEMIGRATIONEXTERNAL MIGRATIONFAMILIESFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY REUNIFICATIONFEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDSFEMALE MIGRANTSFLOW OF MIGRANTSFLOWS OF MIGRANTSFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTGENDERHOST COUNTRIESHOST COUNTRYHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLDSHUMAN CAPITALILLNESSIMMIGRATIONIMPACT OF MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL MIGRANTSINTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION FLOWSINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEWLABOR MIGRATIONLABOUR MARKETSLARGE CITIESLARGE-SCALE MIGRATIONLEGAL STATUSLIVING STANDARDSMARKET ECONOMYMEDIAMIGRANTMIGRANT FLOWSMIGRANT HOUSEHOLDSMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMIGRATION FLOWSMIGRATION OF LABORMIGRATION PATTERNSMIGRATION POLICIESMIGRATION PROCESSMIGRATION STUDIESMIGRATIONSMOBILITYNATIONAL STRATEGYNUMBER OF ADULTSNUMBER OF EMIGRANTSNUMBER OF WOMENOCCUPATIONAL MOBILITYPERMANENT EMIGRANTSPERMANENT MIGRANTSPERMANENT MIGRATIONPERMANENT RESIDENCEPOLICY DIALOGUEPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOTENTIAL MIGRANTSPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGYPROGRESSPULL FACTORSPUSH FACTORSREMITTANCEREMITTANCESRESPECTRETURN MIGRATIONRETURNEESRURAL AREASSHORT-TERM MIGRANTSSMALL ENTERPRISESSOCIAL SCIENCESSOCIETYSPOUSESPOUSESTELEVISIONTEMPORARY MIGRANTSTEMPORARY MIGRATIONTEMPORARY MIGRATIONSTYPES OF MIGRATIONUNEMPLOYMENTURBAN AREASURBAN CENTERSURBAN DWELLERS