FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF JEQUITINHONHA AND MUCURI VALLEYS (UFVJM); FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF JEQUITINHONHA AND MUCURI VALLEYS (UFVJM); FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF JEQUITINHONHA AND MUCURI VALLEYS (UFVJM); CAUE RIBEIRO DE OLIVEIRA, CNPDIA; FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF NORTHERN MINAS GERAIS (IFNMG); FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF UBERLÂNDIA (UFU); FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO CARLOS (UFSCAR); FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF JEQUITINHONHA AND MUCURI VALLEYS (UFVJM); FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF JEQUITINHONHA AND MUCURI VALLEYS (UFVJM).2026-07-07http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/463187Herein, we report the FFA photoesterifcation of waste cooking oil (WCO) using a BiVO4 and visible irradiation. Despite undergoing treatments under diferent temperatures (120 °C and 150 °C), both synthesized samples presented high crystallinity and similar morphologies, corresponding to a mixture composed of the scheelite structure of monoclinic and tetragonal phases of BiVO4. The FFA conversions with the photocatalysts were signifcantly higher than the non-catalytic reactions. The gas chromatography analysis shows that the products are composed of a mixture of ethyl esters and a low amount of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE). The results demonstrate that the photoesterifcation of FFA of non-edible vegetable oils can be driven by BiVO4 photocatalysts under visible irradiation, at regular temperature, reduced ethanol/oil molar ratio, and1453–1467openAccessBismuth vanadateWaste cooking oilFree-fat acidsPhotoesterifcationEthyl estersFatty acid ethyl estersArtigo de periódico