2026-07-01http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/416806This paper examines newly available data from the World Bank-sponsored Global Antidumping Database tracking the worldwide use of trade remedies such as antidumping, countervailing duties, global safeguards and China-specific safeguards during the current economic crisis. The data indicate a marked increase in WTO members combined resort to these instruments beginning in 2008 that continued into the first quarter 2009. The use of these import-restricting instruments is increasingly affecting "South-South" trade, i.e., developing country importers initiating and imposing new protectionist measures primarily affecting developing country exporters, with a special emphasis on exports from China. However, the collective value of imports in 2007 for the major (G-20) economies that has subsequently come under attack by the use of import-restricting trade remedies during the period of 2008 to early 2009 is likely less than $29 billion, or less than 0.45 per cent of these economies total imports, though there is substantial variation across countries. While the level of trade affected thus far may be small for most of these economies, a first assessment of some of the case-level data identifies a number of ways in which the crisis use of these import-restricting trade remedies may have economically important welfare-distorting effects on economic activity.application/pdftext/plainCC BY 3.0 IGOhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/World BankADVERSE CONSEQUENCESADVERSE EFFECTAGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDSAGRICULTUREANTIDUMPINGANTIDUMPING ACTIONSANTIDUMPING DATABASEANTIDUMPING DUTIESANTIDUMPING FILINGSANTIDUMPING MEASURESANTIDUMPING PETITIONSANTIDUMPING POLICYANTIDUMPING PROCEDURESANTIDUMPING REGULATIONSAPPARELAPPAREL EXPORTSAPPAREL INDUSTRIESAPPAREL PRODUCERSAPPLIED TARIFFBENCHMARKCARTELCAUSE FOR CONCERNCOLLUSIONCOMMERCIAL POLICYCOMMITTEE ON SUBSIDIESCOMPETITIVENESSCOMPETITIVENESS CONCERNSCONSUMERSCOUNTERVAILING DUTIESCOUNTERVAILING MEASURESCREDIT CONSTRAINTSDEMAND CURVEDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVELOPING ECONOMIESDEVELOPING ECONOMYDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDISPUTE SETTLEMENTDOMESTIC INDUSTRYDUMPED IMPORTSECONOMIC CRISISECONOMIC DOWNTURNSECONOMIC EFFICIENCYECONOMIC RESEARCHECONOMIC WELFAREECONOMICS RESEARCHEUROPEAN UNIONEXCHANGE RATEEXPORT PRODUCTSEXPORT SECTORSEXPORT VOLUMESEXPORTERSEXPORTING COUNTRIESEXPORTING COUNTRYEXPORTSEXTERNALITIESFAIR TRADEFAIR VALUEFINANCIAL CRISISFOREIGN COMPETITORSFOREIGN COUNTRIESFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN FIRMSFOREIGN MARKETSFOREIGN SOURCESFOREIGN SUPPLIERSGLOBAL MARKETPLACEGLOBAL MARKETSGLOBAL TRADEGLOBALIZATIONHOME COUNTRYIMPORT COMPETITIONIMPORT DATAIMPORT PROTECTIONIMPORT RESTRICTIONIMPORT RESTRICTIONSIMPORTING COUNTRIESIMPORTING COUNTRYINCOMEINTERMEDIATE INPUTSINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL BUSINESSINTERNATIONAL ECONOMICSINTERNATIONAL TRADEJOINT VENTUREJURISDICTIONSMACROECONOMIC FACTORSMANAGED TRADEMERGERSMULTINATIONAL FIRMMULTINATIONAL FIRMSNEW PRODUCTNON-MARKET ECONOMYOUTPUTPOLICY BASISPOLICY RESEARCHPOLITICAL ECONOMYPRICE UNDERTAKINGPROCESS OF ADJUSTMENTPROTECTIONISMPROTECTIONISTPROTECTIONIST MEASURESPROTECTIONIST POLICIESPROTECTIONIST PRESSURESPUBLIC RECORDSQUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONSSAFEGUARD PROTECTIONSOURCINGTARIFF BINDINGSTARIFF RATESTARIFF SCHEDULESTRADE BARRIERTRADE BARRIERSTRADE DATATRADE DEFLECTIONTRADE DIVERSIONTRADE EFFECTSTRADE FLOWSTRADE POLICIESTRADE POLICYTRADE POLICY INSTRUMENTSTRADE PROTECTIONTRADE REMEDIESTRADE REMEDYTRADE REMEDY LAWSTRADE RESTRICTIONTRADE RESTRICTIONSTRADE VALUETRANSPARENCYTRANSPARENCY INITIATIVEVALUE OF IMPORTSWORLD ECONOMYWORLD TRADEWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONWORLD TRADING SYSTEMWTO