2026-07-01http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/414100The Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement with the United States aims to create a free trade zone for economic development. The Agreement is expected to intensify commerce and investment among the participating countries. This paper analyzes the changes in the production and trading patterns in 2-digit manufacturing sectors with the goal of understanding the short-term environmental implications of the Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement. More specifically, the paper addresses the questions: Did pollution increase in the period after the Agreement negotiations? Did trade and production shift toward pollution intensive factors? The results suggest an increase in pollution emissions in the post-negotiations period. The increase in emissions is mainly attributable to scale effects. Composition effects are small and in some cases (including Nicaragua and Honduras) favoring cleaner industries and partially compensating the pollution gains from output and export growth.application/pdftext/plainCC BY 3.0 IGOhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/World BankABATEMENTABATEMENT COSTSACCESS TO INFORMATIONAGGREGATE ANALYSISAGRICULTUREAIR POLLUTANTSAIR POLLUTIONANNUAL EMISSIONSAVERAGE EMISSIONSBENCHMARKBIODIVERSITYCARBONCARBON DIOXIDECARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONSCARBON EMISSIONSCENTRAL BANKCLEAN INDUSTRIESCLEANER TECHNOLOGIESCLEANER TECHNOLOGYCLIMATE CHANGECOALCOMMODITIESCOMMON PROPERTYCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGESCOMPETITIVENESSCONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALECONSTRUCTIONCOST STRUCTURECRITICAL SURVEYDECENTRALIZATIONDEFORESTATIONDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT POLICYDIRTY INDUSTRYDOMESTIC ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIESECOLOGICAL ECONOMICSECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC RESEARCHECONOMICSECONOMICS RESEARCHEFFECTS OF POLLUTIONEMISSIONSEMISSIONS GROWTHEMISSIONS LEVELSEMPIRICAL ANALYSISEMPIRICAL BASISEMPIRICAL EVIDENCEEMPIRICAL STUDIESENFORCEMENT MECHANISMSENVIRONMENT POLICIESENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL AGENCIESENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNSENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONSENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICSENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATIONENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTSENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONSENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATIONENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONSENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETSENVIRONMENTAL LAWSENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCEENVIRONMENTAL POLICIESENVIRONMENTAL POLICYENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMSENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL QUALITYENVIRONMENTAL REFORMSENVIRONMENTAL REGIMESENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONSENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCESENVIRONMENTAL RISKENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDSENVIRONMENTSEQUILIBRIUMEXPORT GROWTHEXPORTSEXTERNALITIESFACTORS OF PRODUCTIONFINANCIAL INTEGRATIONFIXED EFFECTSFOOD PRODUCTSFOREIGN COMPETITIONFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREST RESOURCESFORESTRYFORMAL ANALYSISFREE TRADEFREE TRADE AGREEMENTFUTURE RESEARCHGDPGDP PER CAPITAGROWTH RATEHIGH LEVELSHUMAN CAPITALINCOME LEVELSINCOMESINCREASING RETURNSINCREASING RETURNS TO SCALEINDUSTRIAL CHEMICALSINDUSTRIAL POLLUTIONINDUSTRIALIZATIONINFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEMSINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINTERNATIONAL BUSINESSINTERNATIONAL TRADEIRONLAND USELEGAL FRAMEWORKLEVEL OF EMISSIONSLIBERALIZATIONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIESMETALMETALSMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIESMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRYMINESNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTNATIONAL INCOMENATURAL ENDOWMENTSNATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENTNATURAL RESOURCESNITROGEN OXIDEOUTPUTOUTPUTSPASTURESPER CAPITA INCOMEPOLLUTANTSPOLLUTIONPOLLUTION ABATEMENTPOLLUTION HAVENSPOLLUTION INTENSITYPOLLUTION LEVELSPOLLUTION PREVENTIONPOLLUTION PROBLEMSPOLLUTION REGULATIONSPOTABLE WATERPOWER PARITYPRODUCTION STRUCTUREPRODUCTIVE RESOURCESPROPERTY RIGHTSPROTECTED AREASPUBLIC POLICYPURCHASING POWERREGRESSION ANALYSISREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTSREGULATORY FRAMEWORKREGULATORY FRAMEWORKSREGULATORY GAPSREGULATORY REGIMEREGULATORY REGIMESREMOTE SENSINGRENEWABLE ENERGYRESOURCE MANAGEMENTRETURNS TO SCALESCALE EFFECTSCALE EFFECTSSHARE OF CAPITALSKILLED WORKERSSOCIAL PARTICIPATIONSOLID WASTESSULFUR DIOXIDESUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATIONSUSTAINABLE FORESTRYSUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENTTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGETECHNOLOGICAL CHANGESTOTAL OUTPUTTOXIC SUBSTANCESTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADING BLOCSTREATIESURUGUAY ROUNDVALUE ADDEDWAGESWASTEWASTE MANAGEMENTWATER POLLUTIONWATER RESOURCESWORLD ECONOMYWORLD TRADE